Introduction
Intended Audience
Scope and Purpose
Maximizing the Learning Experience
Additional Documentation
Where Can You Go from Here?
Comments
Pro/ENGINEER Concepts
Parametric Associativity and the Design Intent
End-to-End Associativity
Pro/E Basic Design Modes
Part Mode: The Dashboard and Sketcher
Assembly Mode
Drawing Mode
Learning the Pro/E Interface
Navigating Pro/E
Multiple Windows and Files "In Session"
Managing Files
The Working Directory
Opening Files
Creating Files
Saving, Backing Up, and File Iterations
Deleting Files
Viewport Controls
Spin, Pan, and Zoom
Spin Modes
Using View Mode
Saved Views
Dashboards
Solid Display Options
Datum and Axis Display
Selection Filters
Selection Lists
Ordering and Suppressing Features
Part Design Basics
Datums, Axes, and Coordinate Systems
Defining Parts in Sketcher
The Sketcher Principle
Sketcher Tools
Sketching Plane and Sketcher References
Adding or Editing Dimensions
Sketcher Geometric Constraints
Going from Sketch to 3D
Redefining Features
Making a Block: The Sketcher Setup Sequence
Creating a Section in Sketcher
Summary
Modeling the Cell Phone
Part 1: Lens
Sketch the Lens Protrusion
Add Centerlines
Mirror Section Geometry
Modify Lens Dimensions
Save the Section
Exit Sketcher and Return to 3D Mode
Round the Lens Corners
Add a Color to the Part
Summary
Part 2: Earpiece
Create the Earpiece Protrusion
Create the First Hole
Create the Radial Pattern
Summary
Part 3: Microphone
Create the Rectangular Box
Create the First Cut
Create the Slots
Define the Horizontal and Vertical Centers
Sketch the Slot Section
Summary
Part 4: PC Board
Create the PC Board Protrusion
Create the Chamfers and Round
Add the Edge Chamfers
Add the Full Round
Place the Holes
Create the Second Hole
Copy and Mirror the Holes
Create a Datum Curve for the Keypad Reference
Summary
Part 5: Antenna
Sketch the Revolved Protrusion
Add a Round to the Top
Add the Revolved Cut
Make the Shaft Extrusion
Summary
Part 6: Keypad
Sketch the Keypad Protrusion
Round the Corners
Add the First Button Feature
Pattern the Button
Apply Rounds to the Pattern
Extrude the Large Button
Sketch the Large Button Section
Establish Distance Relations for the Buttons
Round the Large Button Edges
Mirror the Large Button Section
Summary
Part 7: Back Cover
Create the Basic Protrusion
Create the First Cut
Round the Corners
Add the Draft
Round the Back Edges
Shell the Extrusion
Add the Antenna Brace
Add Hole and Rounds to Brace Feature
Add Screw Post Extrusions
Add Holes to the Screw Posts
Copy the Hole Feature
Mirror the Screw Posts
Summary
Part 8: The Front Cover
Create the Front Cover Protrusion
Add Construction Datum Planes
Round the Front Cover Corners
Lift the Lens Housing Extrusion
Add the Earpiece Cut
Create the Draft Feature
Apply Round Edges
Shell the Solid
Create Lens and Earpiece Cuts
Make the Lens Shelf and Opening Cuts
Create the Lens Cutout
Round the Opening Corners
Create the Earpiece Cuts
Create the Earpiece Holder and Shelf
Add the Shelf Cut and Final Round
Make the Microphone Cut and Holder
Make the Microphone Housing
Add the Screw Posts and Holes
Insert Holes
Copy and Mirror the Posts
Summary
Assembling the Cell Phone
Assembly Constraints
Place the Base Component
Assemble Components to the Base Component
Lens Part
Earpiece Part
Microphone Part
PC Board Part
Keypad Part
Assemble the Keypad
Create a Datum Plane for the PC Board Part
Add the Final Assembly Constraint
Front Cover Part
Move the Keypad to Confirm the Cutouts
Back Cover Part
Antenna Part
Create an Exploded View of the Assembly
Modifying the Exploded Component Positions
Modify the Assembly
Redefine Assembly Placement Constraints
Suppress and Resume Parts
Modify Part Dimension Values
Summary
Creating Drawings in Pro/ENGINEER
Understanding Dimensions and Associativity
Other Detail Items
Adding Models vs. Adding Views
Placing General Views and Projection Views
Creating Detailed Views
Scaling Drawings and Views
Using Formats and Templates
Creating a New Drawing File
Modify the view
Add the Detailed View
Show Dimensions
Insert Added Dimensions
Clean Up the Dimensions
Edit Witness Lines and Arrows
Finishing Sheet One
Create an Exploded Assembly View
Create a Bill of Materials
Create the Table
Enter Text Headings
Define a Repeat Region
Add BOM Parameters
Show BOM Balloons
Getting Productive
Using Layers
The Layers Dialog Box
Using Family Tables
Managing the Pro/ENGINEER Environment
Configuration Options
Startup Search Sequence
Changing Configuration Options
Using the Options Dialog Box
Application Effective Icons
Editing Options and Values
Navigating the Options
Searching for a Configuration Option
Macros and Mapkeys
Improving System Performance
Getting Support
Pro/ENGINEER Help Center
Pro/ENGINEER Resource Center
PTC Technical Support
PTC Training Services
Pro/ENGINEER User Community
Parametric Technology Corporation
Getting Started with Pro/ENGINEER® Wildfire™ 2.0
A Tutorial-based Guide to Workflow
June 2004
Copyright © 2004 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
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outside of the United States. Contact PTC for further information.
6,665,569 B1 16-December-2003 6,625,607 B1 23-September-2003 6,580,428 B1 17-June-2003 GB2354684B 02-July-2003 GB2384125 15-October-2003 GB2354096 12-November-2003 6,608,623 B1 19 August 2003 GB2353376 05-November-2003 GB2354686 15-October-2003 6,545,671 B1 08-April-2003 GB2354685B 18-June-2003 6,608,623 B1 19 August-2003 6,473,673 B1 29-October-2002 GB2354683B 04-June-2003 6,447,223 B1 10-Sept-2002 6,308,144 23-October-2001 5,680,523 21-October-1997 5,838,331 17-November-1998 4,956,771 11-September-1990 5,058,000 15-October-1991 5,140,321 18-August-1992 5,423,023 05-June-1990 4,310,615 21-December-1998 4,310,614 30-April-1996 4,310,614 22-April-1999 5,297,053 22-March-1994 5,513,316 30-April-1996 5,689,711 18-November-1997 5,506,950 09-April-1996 5,428,772 27-June-1995 5,850,535 15-December-1998 5,557,176 09-November-1996 5,561,747 01-October-1996
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Certain PTC software products contain licensed third-party technology: Rational Rose 2000E is copyrighted software of Rational Software Corporation. RetrievalWare is copyrighted software of Convera Corporation. VisTools library is copyrighted software of Visual Kinematics, Inc. (VKI) containing confidential trade secret information belonging to VKI. HOOPS graphics system is a proprietary software product of, and is copyrighted by, Tech Soft America, Inc. G-POST is copyrighted software and a registered trademark of Intercim. VERICUT is copyrighted software and a registered trademark of CGTech. Pro/PLASTIC ADVISOR is powered by Moldflow technology. Moldflow is a registered trademark of Moldflow Corporation. The JPEG image output in the Pro/Web.Publish module is based in part on the work of the independent JPEG Group. DFORMD.DLL is copyrighted software from Compaq Computer Corporation and may not be distributed. 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Contents
Introduction
Intended Audience xv
Scope and Purpose xvi
Maximizing the Learning Experience xvi
Additional Documentation xvi
Where Can You Go from Here? xvii
Comments xvii
Pro/ENGINEER Concepts
Parametric Associativity and the Design Intent 1-1
End-to-End Associativity 1-2
Pro/E Basic Design Modes 1-2
Part Mode: The Dashboard and Sketcher 1-3
Assembly Mode 1-3
Drawing Mode 1-4
Learning the Pro/E Interface
Navigating Pro/E 2-1
Multiple Windows and Files "In Session" 2-2
Managing Files 2-3
The Working Directory 2-3
Opening Files 2-3
Creating Files 2-4
Saving, Backing Up, and File Iterations 2-4
Deleting Files 2-5
Viewport Controls 2-5
Spin, Pan, and Zoom 2-5
Spin Modes 2-6
Using View Mode 2-7
Saved Views 2-7
Dashboards 2-7
Solid Display Options 2-8
Datum and Axis Display 2-9
Selection Filters 2-9
Selection Lists 2-10
Ordering and Suppressing Features 2-10
Part Design Basics
Datums, Axes, and Coordinate Systems 3-1
Defining Parts in Sketcher 3-3
The Sketcher Principle 3-3
Sketcher Tools 3-4
Sketching Plane and Sketcher References 3-4
Adding or Editing Dimensions 3-4
Sketcher Geometric Constraints 3-5
Going from Sketch to 3D 3-6
Redefining Features 3-7
Making a Block: The Sketcher Setup Sequence 3-7
Creating a Section in Sketcher 3-8
Summary 3-10
Modeling the Cell Phone
: Lens 12
Sketch the Lens Protrusion 12
Add Centerlines 13
Mirror Section Geometry 15
Modify Lens Dimensions 15
Save the Section 16
Exit Sketcher and Return to 3D Mode 17
Round the Lens Corners 18
Add a Color to the Part 19
Summary 19
: Earpiece 20
Create the Earpiece Protrusion 20
Create the First Hole 21
Create the Radial Pattern 23
Summary 24
:Microphone 25
Create the Rectangular Box 25
Create the First Cut 26
Create the Slots 28
Define the Horizontal and Vertical Centers 28
Sketch the Slot Section 30
Summary 31
: PC Board 32
Create the PC Board Protrusion 32
Create the Chamfers and Round 33
Add the Edge Chamfers 33
Add the Full Round 33
Place the Holes 34
Create the Second Hole 35
Copy and Mirror the Holes 35
Create a Datum Curve for the Keypad Reference 36
Summary 37
: Antenna 38
Sketch the Revolved Protrusion 38
Add a Round to the Top 40
Add the Revolved Cut 41
Make the Shaft Extrusion 43
Summary 43
:Keypad 44
Sketch the Keypad Protrusion 45
Round the Corners 45
Add the First Button Feature 46
Pattern the Button 46
Apply Rounds to the Pattern 48
Extrude the Large Button 49
Sketch the Large Button Section 50
Establish Distance Relations for the Buttons 51
Round the Large Button Edges 53
Mirror the Large Button Section 54
Summary 54
: Back Cover 55
Create the Basic Protrusion 56
Create the First Cut 56
Round the Corners 58
Add the Draft 58
Round the Back Edges 60
Shell the Extrusion 60
Add the Antenna Brace 61
Add Hole and Rounds to Brace Feature 62
Add Screw Post Extrusions 63
Add Holes to the Screw Posts 65
Copy the Hole Feature 66
Mirror the Screw Posts 67
Summary 68
: The Front Cover 69
Create the Front Cover Protrusion 70
Add Construction Datum Planes 70
Round the Front Cover Corners 71
Lift the Lens Housing Extrusion 71
Add the Earpiece Cut 73
Create the Draft Feature 74
Apply Round Edges 75
Shell the Solid 75
Create Lens and Earpiece Cuts 76
Make the Lens Shelf and Opening Cuts 76
Create the Lens Cutout 78
Round the Opening Corners 79
Create the Earpiece Cuts 79
Create the Earpiece Holder and Shelf 81
Adding Models vs. Adding Views 6-3
Placing General Views and Projection Views 6-4
Creating Detailed Views 6-4
Scaling Drawings and Views 6-5
Using Formats and Templates 6-6
Creating a New Drawing File 6-6
Modify the view 6-7
Add the Detailed View 6-8
Show Dimensions 6-9
Insert Added Dimensions 6-11
Clean Up the Dimensions 6-11
Edit Witness Lines and Arrows 6-12
Finishing Sheet One 6-13
Create an Exploded Assembly View 6-13
Create a Bill of Materials 6-14
Create the Table 6-14
Enter Text Headings 6-15
Define a Repeat Region 6-16
Add BOM Parameters 6-16
Show BOM Balloons 6-17
Getting Productive
Using Layers 7-1
The Layers Dialog Box 7-1
Using Family Tables 7-2
Managing the Pro/ENGINEER Environment 7-3
Configuration Options 7-3
Startup Search Sequence 7-4
Changing Configuration Options 7-4
Using the Options Dialog Box 7-5
Application Effective Icons 7-6
Editing Options and Values 7-6
Navigating the Options 7-6
Searching for a Configuration Option 7-6
Macros and Mapkeys 7-7
Improving System Performance 7-8
Getting Support
Pro/ENGINEER Help Center 8-1
Pro/ENGINEER Resource Center 8-2
PTC Technical Support 8-2
PTC Training Services 8-2
Pro/ENGINEER User Community 8-3
Add the Shelf Cut and Final Round 83 Make the Microphone Cut and Holder 84 Make the Microphone Housing 85 Add the Screw Posts and Holes 86 Insert Holes 88 Copy and Mirror the Posts 88 Summary 89
Chapter 5 Assembling the Cell Phone
Assembly Constraints 5-1 Place the Base Component 5-2 Assemble Components to the Base Component 5-4 Lens Part 5-4 Earpiece Part 5-5 Microphone Part 5-7 PC Board Part 5-10 Keypad Part 5-11 Assemble the Keypad 5-12 Create a Datum Plane for the PC Board Part 5-13 Add the Final Assembly Constraint 5-13 Front Cover Part 5-14 Move the Keypad to Confirm the Cutouts 5-15 Back Cover Part 5-15 Antenna Part 5-16 Create an Exploded View of the Assembly 5-17 Modifying the Exploded Component Positions 5-18 Modify the Assembly 5-19 Redefine Assembly Placement Constraints 5-19 Suppress and Resume Parts 5-20 Modify Part Dimension Values 5-20 Summary 5-21
Chapter 6 Creating Drawings in Pro/ENGINEER
Understanding Dimensions and Associativity 6-2 Other Detail Items 6-3
Glossary Glossary-1 Index Index-1
Introduction
Getting Started with Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire is a tutorial-based introduction to creating parts, assemblies and drawings in Pro/ENGINEER. If you follow the complete series of procedures, you will see how Pro/ENGINEER passes 3D design information to and from every design stage, from solid part creation, to part assembly, to the output of mechanical drawings.
These procedures also introduce basic techniques of using Pro/ENGINEER in each design phase. Familiarity with all phases of Pro/E design will help you to understand your particular role within a team effort.
Intended Audience
Individuals or teachers and students in a classroom setting can use this versatile guide. Its intended audience is broad and includes:
New and experienced designers with little or no CAD/CAM software experience.
Designers who have some experience in working with Pro/ENGINEER, but who would like to review the basics or learn more about how best to use the Pro/ENGINEER core functionality.
Designers new to Pro/ENGINEER who have worked with other CAD/CAM applications. The philosophy and methods enabling you to capture your design ideas in Pro/ENGINEER follow a very different paradigm from other CAD/CAM applications.
Managers who would like to become familiar with the tools used by their design team.
Scope and Purpose
This guide is not intended to be a complete summary of basic Pro/ENGINEER techniques. The goal of the exercises is to direct you through the end-to-end design process with as few detours as possible. Many intermediate and advanced solid creation and assembly techniques are not mentioned. Even some basic techniques are bypassed in favor of presenting the whole workflow to a new user in a manageable way. Most of the emphasis is on solid part creation, especiallythe use of parametric constraints in Sketcher mode.
Maximizing the Learning Experience
Before you start creating the parts in chapter 4, review chapters 1, 2, and 3 to get a feel for what you'll need to know about file management, the user interface, and the basic solid creation tools.
The procedures in chapter 4 take you through creating and assembling eight parts that represent the components of a cell phone. The parts start out simply and progress in complexity as you gain experience using the program. Once a technique is explained in detail, it may reappear in subsequent exercises in less detail. The more time you put into learning the techniques in one chapter, the less difficult the exercises will be in the subsequent chapters.
Completed part, assembly, and drawing files are provided with the guide. If your practice time is short, you can use these files to begin anywhere in the workflow. Using the precreated parts, you can go straight to work in the assembly or drawing modes, for example.
However, to maximize the learning experience, you should complete all three phases in sequence: part creation, assembly, and drawing. If time permits, especially for the earlier, simpler parts, you should complete the part, then see if you can recreate the part without the instructions.
Remember, these exercises hardly scratch the surface of Pro/ENGINEER capability. They are designed to give you a basic introduction to associative part creation and an overview of the end-to-end design workflow. If you finish them, learning any further aspect of Pro/ENGINEER will be much easier for you.
Additional Documentation
As you learn to use Pro/ENGINEER, some additional documenation may be helpful:
• The Pro/ENGINEER Help Center, available from Help > Help Center on the Pro/E main menu, includes Help Topics and links to other tools to get you up to speed.
The Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0 Resource Center, which opens automatically in the Pro/E browser, provides a quick reference card for the user interface in addition to overviews, tours, tutorials, tips and techniques and othe resources.
PTC Customer Service Guide includes worldwide phone numbers for PTC contacts.
Where Can You Go from Here?
After you finish this guide, you are ready to begin basic modeling in Pro/ENGINEER. To give you an even more thorough beginning experience in Pro/ENGINEER, PTC also recommends that you take the Introduction to Pro/ENGINEER training class offered by PTC Training Services. Classes are offered at the PTC headquarters in Needham Massachusetts, and various other locations in the USA and other countries.
For information on available Pro/ENGINEER training classes and schedules, as well as computer- and Web-based training, go to the Education section of the PTC Web site at:
http://access.adobe.com/access/getStatus.do?jobid=93e66208-4e1a-4ec2-a29c-289cc88287ee&srcPdfUrl=http://www.ptc.com/company/mail/express200305/getting_started.pdf&convertTo=html&visuallyImpaired=preferhtml&preferHTMLReason=TO%20MAKE%20IT%20WEB%20READY&platform=Windows&comments=&starttime=1216231165109#http://www.ptc.com/services/edserv/index.htm
Comments
PTC welcomes your suggestions and comments on its documentation. You can send comments to the following e-mail address:
doc-webhelp@ptc.com
Please include the name of the application and its release number with your comments. For online books, provide the book title.
Pro/ENGINEER Concepts
Becoming a Pro/ENGINEER user means learning to think in terms of how the components of a design interact, and to think ahead to how those interactions may change. At the simplest level, these components may be the discrete geometric shapes, called features, that comprise a solid part: extrusions, holes, or chamfers, for example. At a higher level they may be the individual parts of your assembly, mated together in an interdependent way. At all levels, this component interaction toward a common purpose is called the design intent. This chapter describes how the principle of design intent is passed through all phases of the design, from conception to final documentation.
Parametric Associativity and the Design Intent
Suppose you want an extrusion centered on a rectangular surface. You could place the extrusion by measuring half the sides of the rectangle and using dimensions to locate its x-y position. But your design intent is to have the extrusion centered, even if the length or width of the surface changes. Pro/E gives you the tools at every level to build in this kind of information.
In this instance, you could constrain the extrusion to be centered between the four referenced edges. The x-and y-coordinates of the extrusion will always equal half of the length and width of the rectangular surface. This way Pro/E does the work of calculating and updating the extrusion's position no matter what the dimensions of the rectangle are.
You can use these and other processes to define simple geometry, or you can use them with more complex calculations like mass, volume, or center of gravity. Needless to say, establishing these parametric relationships between design entities can save an enormous amount of time and effort when engineering changes are required. The more associative information that you build into the model, the more you can quickly experiment with new solutions in the design as they occur to you.
You can also adapt existing designs to meet new requirements and create new products from them, rather than starting a design from scratch for a product that is essentially similar to an existing one.
Opportunities to create these relationships exist at every level of Pro/E, from the simplest part to the most advanced assembly. Often they are built into the Pro/E workflow. The biggest challenge of learning Pro/E is to start thinking parametrically. You must constantly ask "How could this change, and what could change with it?", and then learn to create parametric relationships that can make adjustments automatically when the changes occur.
End-to-End Associativity
Pro/E not only lets you design individual parts quickly, it also records their assembly relationships and produces finished mechanical drawings. Throughout the workflow, from any stage, Pro/E makes it easy for you to access and edit the dimensions and parametric associations you established at any other stage.
Even in the drawing stage, the dimensions that show on the plot are derived from the 3D model dimensions, and remain dynamically linked to the source 3D files. The link is bidirectional, so you can edit the 3D part directly from the drawing to make sure that the dimensions in the drawing and in the model are always in synch.
Pro/E Basic Design Modes
When you bring a design from conception to completion in Pro/E, you pass the design information through three basic design steps:
Creating the component parts of the design
Joining the parts in an assembly that records the relative positions of the parts
Creating mechanical drawings based on the information in the parts and the assembly
Pro/E considers these steps as separate modes, each with its own characteristics, file extensions, and relations with the other modes. As you build a design model it is important to remember that all information–dimensions, tolerances, and relational formulas–are passed from one mode to the next bidirectionally. This means that if you change your design at any mode level, Pro/E reflects it at all mode levels automatically. If you plan ahead and use the associative features correctly, you can save significant time in the design and engineering change order process.
Part Mode: The Dashboard and Sketcher
Most designs begin in Part mode. In part files (.prt) you create the separate components that will be joined together in an assembly file (.asm). Part mode lets you create and edit the features–the extrusions, cuts, blends, and rounds–that comprise each part you are modeling.
Most features start with a two dimensional outline, or section. When the section is defined, you assign a third dimension value to it in order to make it a 3D shape. You create the 2D section in a tool called Sketcher. As the name implies, Sketcher lets you roughly draw the section with lines, angles, or arcs, and then input the precise dimensional values later.
You use an interface called the dashboard to go into and out of Sketcher mode, and to edit any other aspects of 3D feature geometry. The dashboard presents feature-specific fields for input as you switch from feature to feature. As the part develops, you can edit shapes and dimensions less on the dashboard and more on the model itself.
Antenna tip in Sketcher and 3D mode
Using Sketcher is one of the basic required disciplines in using Pro/E .
Assembly Mode
After you have created the parts that comprise a model, you create an empty assembly file for the model, and then assemble the individual parts within it. In this process you mate or align the parts to the positions they will occupy in the final product. In an assembly, you can define exploded views to better examine or display the parts relationships.
Assembly in an exploded view
In a slightly more advanced scenario, you would start the model as an assembly and create each part (and part file) from what is called a "skeleton part." This is the key to top-down design, where an edit to one part can automatically affect the parts to which it is joined. You can also associate one part to another part in an ordinary assembly using assembly relations-these will retain associativity between dimensions as they change.
In addition, with model analysis tools, you can measure an assembly's mass properties and volume to determine its overall weight, center of gravity, and inertia. Determining interference between components throughout the entire assembly is also possible.
Dr a wing Mode
Pro/E Drawing mode lets you create finished, precise mechanical drawings of the design, based directly on the dimensions recorded in the 3D part and assembly files. In fact, it is not necessary to add dimensions to objects as you may have done in other programs. Instead, in Pro/E you selectively show and hide dimensions that have been passed from the 3D models.
Any information objects—dimensions, notes, surface notes, geometric tolerances, cross sections, and so on—that have been created for the 3D model can be passed to the drawing mode. When these objects are passed from the 3D model, they remain associated, and may be edited to effect the 3D model from within the drawing.
Dimensioned drawing views of the antenna tip
Learning the Pro/E Interface
This chapter introduces the interface tools you'll use to drive Pro/ENGINEER—the menu system, the dashboard, the selection tools and the viewport controls. All of these elements work together, and learning to use them smoothly is part of becoming an experienced Pro/E user.
As you go through this chapter, experiment with a copy of one of the sample part files (.prt) shipped with Pro/ENGINEER.
Navigating Pro/E
After you start Pro/E, the main window opens on your desktop. The Navigator panel opens on the left. This sliding panel is home to several navigation tools and links to parts libraries, internet sites, or other workstations on your network. This guide will focus on using the Model Tree and Layer Tree pane.
The Model Tree is a list of every feature in a part file, including datums and coordinate systems. When you are in a part file, the Model Tree shows the part file name at the root and each feature in the part below it. For an assembly file, the Model Tree shows the assembly file at the root and the included part files below it.
You can use the Tools > Customize Screen commands to customize the menus by adding and removing sets of options, macros (called mapkeys), or individual commands. When you activate any changes to a menu, they apply to menus in all open windows.
Using the Model Tree in the Navigator
The items in the Model Tree are linked directly to the design database. As you select items in the tree, the features they represent are highlighted and selected in the graphics window. You can use the Model Tree to select objects during any operation. You can also right-click to start operations on objects selected in the tree.
At the beginning level you'll use the Model Tree mostly as a selection aid. As you gain more experience, you'll use the advanced options shown in the previous illustration to use it as a more sophisticated tracking and editing tool. Using the Customize dialog box, you can move the tree to span the space above the work area, and add columns to display status and parameter information. When you display columns, you can edit parameters directly from the column cells.
Multiple Windows and Files "In Session"
Although you may have more that one window open, you can work in only one window at a time. The window in which you are working is called the active window. To switch between windows, select from the list of open windows under the Windows menu. If you switch windows by any other method, use Window > Activate to activate the window.
Pro/E differentiates between a file being “open” in the sense of being visible in a window, and “in session” where the file is in memory but may or may not be visible in a window. Opening an assembly, for example, brings all of the associated part files into session, because even though they are not open, the assembly references them continuously in memory.
This means that closing files has two methods as well. Use File > Close Window to close the window of a file that is still being referenced in memory. To remove a file from memory, use File > Erase. This does not erase the file from disk, but it does close it completely.
You can use File > Erase > Not Displayed to list files in memory you want to close. However, if a file is being referenced, by an open drawing or assembly file, for example, you will not be permitted to erase it from memory until you erase the referencing file.
Managing Files
This section covers the Pro/E file management, default directory, and automatic backup functionality. Understanding the file backup and iteration conventions will help you keep your database directories orderly and current.
The Working Directory
Pro/E automatically looks for and stores files in a default directory it calls the working directory. Files created automatically, and files you save without directing them elsewhere, are stored in the working directory by default.
Pro/E uses the directory from which you start the program as the default working directory. Use File > Set Working Directory to set a different working directory.
Opening Files
When you click File > Open, Pro/E references the working directory. If you have other files open in session, but not displayed, you can click In Session from the Look In list to open them. You can add frequently accessed files or folders to a Favorites directory. Use the Preview button on the File Open dialog box to show a graphic representation of a selected file before you open it.
File Open dialog box in Preview mode
Creating Files
When you use File > New to start a new file, you are prompted to select an application type, and a subtype if one is necessary.
Options in the New dialog box
When you click OK, the new file opens and the default datum planes appear in the main window. The menus and options are configured for the selected application type.
Saving, Backing Up, and File Iterations
Use File > Save to save changes. Use Save a Copy to save the file to a different name. Whenever you use the Save command, Pro/E creates a new version of the file and uses a numerical file extension to note the version, for example front_cover.prt.1, front_cover.prt.2, and so on. These iterations are created so you will always have a previous version to return to in case something fails in the current file. When you use File > Open to open a file, the file browser displays the latest versions without the iteration numbers.
To show version numbers in the Open dialog box, click the Commands and Settings icon and then click All Versions from the menu. You can then open whichever iteration you want.
To save a file to a different name, format, or location use File > Save a Copy. Unlike a conventional Windows Save As command, Save a Copy leaves the original file open and active after the save operation.
If you don't want to store the iterations in your working directory you can use File > Backup to specify an alternate directory for the iterations. The first iteration in a backup directory starts at 1, regardless of the number of iterations in the working directory.
Deleting Files
Use File > Delete to remove files from the disk permanently. You can clear old versions only, leaving the latest version intact, or you can clear all versions.
Use File > Delete > Old Versions to clear the directory of all but the most recent version.
Viewport Controls
As you work, you'll use the viewport controls like spin, pan, and zoom constantly. With practice they will become automatic to you. You will learn which visual elements you need to show or hide and which display mode, orientation or magnification, you will need to best accomplish any task. Experienced Pro/E users change view settings from operation to operation and minute to minute. As you go through these descriptions, practice them on a test part file.
Spin, Pan, and Zoom
The middle mouse button is the key to all viewport controls in Pro/ENGINEER. These are the basic viewport movements:
Spin—Middle Mouse Button
Pan—Middle Mouse Button + SHIFT
Zoom—Middle Mouse Button + CTRL vertical drag, or mouse wheel Another useful viewport control shortcut for new users is CTRL+d. This returns the part to a default orientation in the center of the graphics window.
Viewport controlicons
Repaint 5. Zoom Out
Spin center 6. Recenter
View mode 7. Orientation dialog box
Zoom In area 8. Saved View list
Spin Modes
When you spin the part, you can use the default part axis to spin the view, or use a spin center that you click anywhere on the part. When you show the default spin center, dragging the middle mouse button spins the model around it. If you turn the default spin center off, you can use the same drag motion to put the spin center anywhere you put your pointer. Below you can see the two spin modes at work. On the left, the spin center icon is down, and the spin center is showing—it is used to pivot the model. On the right, the spin center icon is up, and the spin center is located where the user clicked the top edge of the model.
Changing the spin center
Using View Mode
Some additional specialized controls are available in View mode. To enter View mode, click View > Orientation > View Mode. In View mode, a square handle is visible constantly. When in View mode you can use the following controls:
Dynamic—Use the usual spin, pan, and zoom controls.
Delayed—Wait until the vector handle is moved and released to effect the view change. This avoids constant repaint for large assemblies.
Velocity—Maintains the movement as long as the mouse button is pressed, even though the mouse drag has stopped.
In View mode, you can use the right mouse button shortcut menus to switch between modes, or to exit view mode completely.
You can also use the Zoom icon on the main toolbar to drag a rectangle around an area you want to magnify. Middle-click to cancel Zoom mode.
Saved Views
A view is a combination of zoom factor and 3D orientation. Every model has certain standard views stored within it by default: Front, Left, Top, or Bottom, for example. The view called Default fits the model in the window in a 3D orientation. Additionally, if you use a certain view frequently, you can use View > View Manager to name and save it, and
to quickly change to any saved views.
Dashboards
The dashboard lets you use a logical sequence of setups and parameters to define new geometry, or redefine existing shapes. Task-specific dashboards appear at the bottom of the screen whenever you create or edit a feature in a part.
As you become more proficient you'll do most of these tasks directly on the model, but the dashboard is always there in a supporting role, giving feedback and ready for input when you select geometry to work on.
The dashboard guides you through creating geometry intuitively from left to right. The lower half of the dashboard groups the required inputs in the proper sequence. The upper half lets you fine-tune the variable properties. The next illustration shows the hole feature dashboard active and defining a coaxial hole.
The Hole Dashboard Placement Panel
On the top: Slide-up panels determine placement references, and other variable properties.
On the bottom: The basic requirements for the feature–hole type, diameter, start and finish references.
Solid Display Options
You will switch from solid to wireframe display frequently to help in selection and to improve computer performance as designs get larger. The two main display modes are shaded (solid) and lined. There are three variations of lined display. Each shows the outlines of the model in increased detail.
Shaded—Shows the model
Hidden line—Shows hidden lines
as a solid.
in ghosted tones.
No hidden line—Does not
Wireframe—Shows front and
show lines behind forward
back lines equally.
surfaces.
Wireframe and shaded displays
Datum and Axis Display
You can globally display or hide datum planes, datum points, axes points, and coordinate systems as needed at any time during an operation. You can hide an individual datum by selecting it in the Model Tree and using the Hide command on the right mouse button shortcut menu. Datums clutter the work area and can cost in redraw performance, so it is good practice to hide most datum objects until you need to see them for action or reference.
Selection Filters
MCAD designs can get complex quickly, and it can be difficult to accurately select an object. Pro/ENGINEER gives you an object filter to limit the object types that you can select in crowded areas. The filter works together with preselection highlighting. As you pass the pointer over the design, objects under the pointer highlight as currently eligible for selection. To simplify selection further, the filter automatically sets to eligible objects when you are prompted to select during an operation.
When you are prompted to select a specific entity type, the filter offers selections valid only for that type.
When the filter is on the default smart setting, all objects are eligible in a hierarchy. For example, you can select a feature and click again to "drill down" to its component edges or surfaces as shown in the next illustration. Preselection highlighting is optional. Use Edit > Select > Preferences to turn it off.
Preselection Highlighting
Selection Lists
An alternate way to isolate an item for selection is to pick it from a list. The list is generated from all items that are under the pointer at a given time. To show the list, place the pointer over the area containing the item you want to select, and click Pick From List from the right mouse button shortcut menu. The Pick from List dialog box opens. To select the item, highlight it in the list and click OK.
Ordering and Suppressing Features
Two of the most useful functions of the Model Tree are the ability to control the order of features and to suppress or resume them in the model. The order of features is the sequence in which features appear in the Model Tree. When you add a feature it is appended to the bottom of the Model Tree. At the simplest level, ordering is an organizational tool. You can drag the feature up the tree to place it with a parent or other related features, even though you added it well after the parent was created. You will notice that you cannot order a child feature before a parent feature. At another level, reordering existing features can change the appearance of the model.
Drag the arrow up the Model Tree to temporarily suppress features.
Suppressing a feature temporarily removes it from the model, both physically and visibly. For display simplification only, you can use the Hide command on selected features from the Model Tree. However, you might want to temporarily suppress a feature, for example, in order to try another one in its place. Or, the feature could be causing problems that you must adjust for elsewhere.
Note
If suppressed features are not on the Model Tree, use the Settings tab and click Tree Filters. Use the dialog box Display field to show the suppressed features. When they are shown, you can select them and click Resume from the shortcut menu to return them to the model.
Part Design Basics
In the previous chapter you reviewed the user interface and selection methods that Pro/E provides. This chapter introduces the elementary tools and principles of solid geometry creation in Pro/E. After a brief discussion of 3D datum planes and axes used to locate solid features, you'll learn how to start solids as 2D outlines, or sections, in Sketcher. You'll then see how to add the z-dimension to create 3D objects.
It will be helpful to have a new blank part file started in Pro/E that you can experiment with as you go through this chapter. At the end of this chapter, you'll find a step-by-step sequence describing how to create a 3D block. Be sure to read this chapter carefully before you start the exercises.
Datums, Axes, and Coordinate Systems
When you start a new part, three datum planes and a coordinate system are added for you. The datum planes are automatically named Front, Top, and Right. The coordinate system indicates the x-, y-, and z-axes. The positive z-axis is perpendicular to the front datum plane. If you orient the datums so the Front plane is flat to the screen, the z-axis is perpendicular to the screen.
Datums are points of reference in space that Pro/E uses to calculate distances. Datums can be actual points, planes, or curves, but they have no value for thickness. You will create and place them frequently for a variety of uses in both Part and Assembly modes.
Like solid features, datums are added to the Model Tree as you create them. They are named numerically by default, for example DTM1, DTM2 (for datum planes) or PNT1, PNT2, (for datum points). You can rename them to better describe their purpose after they are added.
Default datum planes and part coordinate system
Datum points and coordinate systems are similar in that they are both points either fixed or offset from a surface or vertex. You can use datum points separately or combine them into a patterned array that behaves as one feature. These arrays can be saved as ASCII files and reused in other designs.
Coordinate systems are points that define an x-, y-, and z-direction. Each part that you create is based on a coordinate system, and you may use coordinate systems within parts or assemblies to define the direction of other components. Coordinate systems are used, for example, in cabling connector parts to define the direction that an autorouted wire or cable will exit the connector.
You can add datums at any time from the main menu, using Insert > Datum. From there, you specify the datum type, reference, and offset, if any.
To redefine datums, you can select them from the Model Tree and use the Edit Definition command on the right mouse button shortcut menu. You can also add datums "on the fly," or in the middle of other processes. Datums that you add to create specific features remain with the feature's section, and are not displayed in the 3D model.
De fi ning P a r t s in Sk etche r
The Sketcher is best described as a submode of Part mode. You could regard it as a 2D drafting board within the 3D environment. You will use it to create most of the geometric shapes you use in a part. Associative details that you build into a sketch, or section, such as geometric constraints or relations between dimensions act as a foundation for all other additions and edits to follow. The more you can foresee areas of potential change to the design, the more associative detail you can build in to handle the effects of the changes. If you don't build in the required intelligence to handle future edits, you will have to spend time fixing problems as they arise. Learning to use the Sketcher correctly and effectively is crucial to learning to use Pro/ENGINEER.
The Sk etcher Prin ciple
In Pro/ENGINEER, 3D objects begin as 2D outlines. After the 2D outline is defined with x and y dimensions, it is given a z dimension, or depth, that brings it to 3D. The purpose of Sketcher is to let you literally "sketch" an imprecise or exaggerated 2D profile of the part you want to create. After you sketch the lines, you enter the precise lengths, angles, and radii as needed. This saves you from having to laboriously count grid lines or use on-screen rulers, as you would with a simpler drafting program.
Sketcher adds dimensions, complete with arrows and witness lines, as you draw. These are called weak dimensions, they are "guesses" that Sketcher is making. As stated above, the idea is that you enter the true dimension values you need (strong dimensions) when you have completed the section. Sketcher then regenerates the section to the real values. The Sketcher geometry may also be constrained to grow or shrink with the size of related lines.
2D Section in the Sketcher tool, and the resulting solid
You may find that you need to add some dimensions that Sketcher has not added automatically. The object in determining what is dimensioned is to use a combination of geometric constraints (described later) and dimensions to define the section with as few rules as possible. As you apply dimensions or constraints, you may cause conflicts with existing ones, or you may be prompted that a constraint already exists for what you are trying to define. When this happens, Sketcher lists all the dimensions or constraints that may be conflicting in a dialog box, and you can use the dialog box to delete the ones you don't need or want to replace. This process ensures the geometry will not be overdimensioned and that constraints will not conflict.
Sketcher Tools
The basis of Sketcher geometry tools are the line, circle, and arc creation functions common to most drawing programs. These are arranged on a toolbar to the side of the graphics window. Fly-out menus from the side of an icon mean there are more varieties of the same function to be used. If you move the pointer over an icon, a Tooltip explains its function.
Sketching Plane and Sketcher References
One of the first things you identify in setting up a sketch is the sketching plane. This is the surface on which you will draw. A sketching plane may be an existing part surface, or it may be a datum plane. The selected plane or surface is rotated flat to the screen in Sketcher. You can use the usual rotation commands to rotate the sketch in 3D space for inspection, but usually sections are laid out flat, as though on a 2D drafting table.
When the sketching plane is established, Sketcher needs existing planes and edges from which to dimension the new section. By default, Sketcher automatically selects two reference planes or edges, a horizontal and a vertical, to start a sketch. As you add to the sketch, you may need to add more references.
In Sketcher, you use the Sketch > References dialog box to add existing edges as references. Added edges are marked by a colored, dotted line.
Adding or Editing Dimensions
When your sketched outline is finished, it will be dimensioned with default weak dimensions. As pointed out before, these are the dimensions that Sketcher adds automatically when you draw. They are displayed as gray lines. Because you are just sketching, they will not be the exact placements or values that you need. To enter strong values for a single dimension in Sketcher, click the weak dimension value itself and type directly into the text box. The dimension is then converted to a strong dimension, shown in normal line width, and the line or angle is adjusted to the new value.
If Sketcher hasn't automatically given you a dimension or angle you want, you can use the Add Dimension icon on the Sketcher toolbar to add one, and then enter a value for it.
Finalizing dimensions in Sketcher
Most users sketch the outline of the section, then use the Modify Dimensions dialog box to modify all the dimensions at one time. If you click Edit > Select All in Sketcher, then click the Modify Dimensions icon, you can use the dialog box to cycle through all the dimensions sequentially.
Sketcher Geometric Constraints
When you add an edge, you can apply geometric constraints for the new section against it. Constraints work with dimensions to define a section. A constraint states that one line has a definite geometric relationship to another. For example, if you wanted a line in your new section to be parallel to and equal in length to an existing line, you could add those two constraints to the line in the section, rather than entering new dimensions.
Constraints are represented on the screen by small symbols on the constrained line. In the next figure, the radius of the right circle is constrained to be the same as the radius of the left circle. The two center points are constrained to be equidistant from a centerline. Thus, you only need to dimension the original, left circle. The right one will mirror it automatically.
Constraint symbols in Sketcher
centerline.
Going from Sketch to 3D
When a Sketcher section gains depth, or a z-dimension, it becomes a 3D geometric entity called an extrusion. The extrusion may add or remove material. In other words it may be a solid, or it may be a cut. For an example of a solid, imagine a 2D circle extruding outward to create a cylinder.
An extrusion created as a cut removes material from any solid it passes through. For example, a bolt hole through a plate may be a circular section placed on the surface of the plate as a cut, and extruded through the plate. You don't have to define the extrusion as a cut or a solid when you create it, you can toggle the cut or solid property at any time.
Extrusions may be defined in several ways. For example, both protrusions and cuts may be extruded, where depth is added directly to a section, or revolved, where the depth of the cut or solid is added in degrees around an axis. See the next figure.
When you complete the section and exit Sketcher mode, you are prompted to define the depth. The depth may be defined either numerically or in terms of another feature. In other words, the depth of an entity may be exactly 30 units, or it may be defined as "until the next feature begins."
Left: Extruded protrusion. Right: Revolved protrusion
Redefining Features
You will frequently redefine features as your model design evolves. For features not created in Sketcher, like chamfers or rounded edges, just select the feature in the window or in the Model Tree. Use the right mouse button shortcut menu and click Edit to edit any advanced attributes.
Even features created as sections in Sketcher don't necessarily need to be redefined in Sketcher. You can select a feature and use commands in 3D mode to change the value of any dimension you defined in Sketcher. Pro/ENGINEER calls this "direct modeling" and it is the recommended way to edit models as they progress.
Making a Block: The Sketcher Setup Sequence
In this exercise you will walk through creating a simple solid in Sketcher step by step. Have Pro/E running with a new empty part file open and the datums displayed.
Click Insert > Extrude, or click the Extrude tool on the Feature toolbar. The Extrude dashboard opens.
In the dashboard, click Placement, and then click Define. The Sketch dialog box opens. The Plane collector box is highlighted in yellow. The highlight means it is active, waiting for a sketching plane.
Click the Front datum plane in the graphics window. The datum plane name fills the Plane collector area and the highlight moves to the next collector, the Reference collector. A direction arrow appears from the sketching plane pointing in the direction of the extrusion. You can use the Flip button in the Sketch dialog box to reverse the direction of the extrusion.
Click Sketch to accept the default direction. The Front datum plane rotates flat to the screen, and the Sketcher drawing tools appear on the right-side toolbar.
The References dialog box opens. You use this dialog box to identify any existing geometry you want to associate with the section you are going to create. It is necessary to have at least one reference in each direction, X and Y, so two default references (the other datum planes) are chosen for you. You are now ready to draw the section.
For this example, accept the defaults for references by clicking Close.
Creating a Section in Sketcher
Now sketch a rectangle. Notice how Pro/ENGINEER automatically adds dimensions and constraints.
1. Click the rectangle tool in the Sketcher toolbar, and drag a rectangle to fit into the upper-right quadrant. It doesn't matter now what your zoom factor is or how long the sides are. As you drag the rectangle, you'll see the H and V (horizontal and vertical) constraints are active by default for a rectangle.
As you stretch the rectangle, watch for small L symbols to appear near the sides. These are length constraint symbols, showing that the lengths of the marked sides are equal. When these are visible, click to complete the rectangle.
Note
The numeral next to the L symbol shows which referenced sides are of equal length. If two or more lengths were equal within the section, they would be marked L2.
Rectangle section position and dimensions
Constraint symbols
mark horizontal and
vertical lines.
“L” constraint symbols show side lengths to be equal.
A “weak” dimension is added.
Now you should have a square with one side showing a dimension with witness lines, as shown in the previous figure. Double-click the dimension itself to edit it, and enter a value of 10. You'll see the section rescale itself in the viewport. You have all the constraints and dimensions you need for a square of 10 units. You are ready to complete the section.
Middle-click to release the rectangle command.
Click the check icon at the bottom of the Sketcher toolbar to finish the section and return to 3D mode, so you can set the depth value. You can see the outline of the directional arrow coming out of the screen toward you. Use the middle mouse button to rotate the view and inspect the direction.
Adding depth to the extruded section
In the dashboard, enter 5 in the depth text box, and press Enter. (You can also drag the depth handle directly on the model to the desired value.) The shape is regenerated to the new dimension.
Click the check icon on the dashboard to complete the feature and return to the work area. The solid is complete.
Note
Undo and Redo commands are available for many (but not all) actions in Pro/ENGINEER. When you work with a feature tool, actions can be undone and redone using Edit > Undo (Redo), or CTRL+Z (CTRL+Y). After a feature is created and saved, and the tool is closed, it can be undone as a single item.
The configuration option general_undo_stack_limit controls the number of times you can undo or redo actions. The default and maximum setting is 50.
Summary
At this point you have reviewed many of the major tools and operations that characterize Pro/ENGINEER. For more complete information, access the Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0 Resource Center, available through the Pro/E Help Center.
4
Modeling the Cell Phone
In previous chapters you’ve become familiar with the interface controls and some of the basic concepts needed to get started in Pro/ENGINEER. In this chapter you’ll start the hands-on process of building the eight separate parts that make up the cell phone model. Before you start the exercises, you should be familiar with the selection tools, the viewport zoom and pan controls, and the basics of using Sketcher. All of these items are covered in the previous chapters.
The instructions for each part begin with a table that lists the techniques used for that part. The first time a technique is introduced, you are given a detailed procedure on how to use it. If the technique is used again in another part, you are only given any additional instructions you’ll need to use it in that instance. If you need to review how to use a technique, use the table to find the previous section that covers it in detail.
When you have created all the parts, you will proceed to add them to an assembly and output some detailed mechanical drawings.
Part 1: Lens
In this procedure, you will create a simple solid extrusion that represents the lens of the cell phone. It is centered on horizontal and vertical axes formed by the intersection of two of the datum planes. You'll see how to quickly mirror drafted lines in Sketcher, so that mirrored halves are constructed and constrained to always be proportional. You'll also see how to add round features to edges. Finally, you'll see how to save a Sketcher section for reuse in another part.
Technique or Feature
Where Introduced
Insert Extrusion
New
Enter Dashboard and Sketcher
New
Mirror Feature
New
Sketcher Section Creation
New
Rounded Features
New
Sketch the Lens Protrusion
To begin, use File > New to create a new part called lens.
1. Click Insert > Extrude, or click the Extrude tool on the Feature toolbar. The Extrude dashboard opens. Click the Placement panel, and then click Define. The Sketch dialog box opens.
Click the Front datum plane, in the graphics window or in the Model Tree to select it as the sketching plane. An arrow indicates the view direction. Leave the orientation and view direction set at the default.
Click Sketch in the Sketch dialog box to start Sketcher. The background changes color, and perpendicular lines bisect the sketching plane in the x-and y-direction. The Sketcher toolbar appears to the right of the graphics window. You will use these Sketcher tools to sketch the lens and other parts.
The References dialog box also opens. The two remaining datums, Top and Right, form horizontal and vertical references for your 2D sketch, and are automatically referenced in the dialog box. This is the minimum reference requirement for sketching the section, so the Reference Status field reads Fully Placed. Any references added to the dialog box will be optional. Later you'll see how to add specific references before you begin a sketch, but for now you can close the dialog box.
Note
At any point, you can use the datum display icons on the main toolbar to turn off datum display and clear up the work area. You should see only the horizontal and vertical reference lines.
4. Click the Sketch Orientation icon
on the main toolbar to orient the sketching plane flat to the screen. (You can make this happen automatically using a configuration option called sketcher_starts_in_2d. The default setting is off.) The sketching window should now look like the figure below:
Sketching plane oriented flat to screen
A dd Ce nt erlin e s
Before you draw, you'll add centerlines to the vertical and horizontal axes formed by the Top and Right datum planes. Adding centerlines to them lets you create objects that are mirrored in shape and dimensions on either side of the lines. Mirroring is the key to quickly centering geometry on the horizontal and vertical axes.
1. On the Sketcher toolbar, click the centerline tool
from the Line flyout menu.
2. Let the cursor snap to one of the axis lines and click the left mouse button. The centerline appears, attached to the cursor. Move the cursor to rotate the centerline to coincide with the axis line, and click to place it. Place a centerline on both the vertical and horizontal datum plane references. MIddle-click to exit the Centerline tool.
Sketching plane with centerlines added
Cent erline sym bols
3. Click the Arc tool
to sketch the lower curve. Start on the lower left quadrant, below the horizontal centerline. (You don't need precise dimentsions. You can enter exact dimensions when the outline is finished.)
Remember, you can use Edit > Undo (CTRL+Z) multiple times to undo any mistakes.
4. As you move the pointer to the right, you will see facing constraint symbols at the start point and at the cursor, indicating that the start and finish points of the arc are horizontal. (You don't see the arc itself yet.) When the vertical centerline approximately bisects the distance between the start point and the cursor, click the endpoint of the arc. The active arc appears, attached to the cursor. You should see the center point of the arc snapped along the vertical axis, moving vertically as you bend the arc.
Click to place the arc at an approximate radius (you'll enter the real values later). Middle-click to exit the arc tool. You'll see the arc entered, with the "weak" dimensions in gray. They will become "strong" dimensions when you enter the true values for them.
Lower half of the lenssection with weakdimensions
ical axis centerpoint
Arc endpoints
5. Now click the solid line tool
in the line flyout. Sketch two vertical lines, one from each arc endpoint to the horizontal centerline. MIddle-click to stop one line and start the next. Notice the “V” constraint symbols, showing you the line is vertical. This is the lower half of the lens.
Mirror Section Geometry
Now you’ll use the Mirror function to create the identical upper section of the lens.
Click the selection icon
Drag a selection rectangle around the lower section. All of its lines should be highlighted as selected.
Click Edit > Mirror from the main toolbar.
Click the horizontal centerline to place the mirror image of the bottom lens section. The complete lens section is now centered on the horizontal and vertical axes. The mirrored lines are associative–if you resize one, its mirror will resize accordingly.
Modify Lens Dimensions
Now you will enter the true dimensions for the lens.
1. Click the selection icon
and drag a rectangle around the entire section to select it, including all the dimensions. (You could also use Edit > Select > Select All.)
2. Click the modify dimensions tool
. The Modify Dimensions dialog box opens, showing value fields for all three of the dimensions.
First, clear the Regenerate check box. If you leave the check box checked, each dimension will regenerate as you edit it. In this case, it is faster to change all the dimensions in the section, and then regenerate it.
Click one of the dimension values in the dialog box, and notice that its corresponding dimension is highlighted in the section. In this way, enter the real dimensions for the lens section: 1.69 for the arc radius,
0.81 for the height, and 1.2 for the width.
Now, select the Regenerate check box and click
. The section regenerates and the view is zoomed to the new scale.
Sa v e t h e Se c t ion
Now you’ll save the lens section to a file. You don’t have to do this with every section you make, because the section for each feature is stored in the part. You are saving this section because when you create the lens opening cut in the front cover (the final part in the series), you’ll import this section to establish the outline for the cut, rather than drawing and dimensioning another section.
1. Click File > Save a Copy.
Enter the name lens in the New name text box in the Save dialog box.
Click OK. (The extension .sec is appended automatically.)
Exit Sketcher and Return to 3D Mode
You are finished defining the section. Now you’ll return to the dashboard to define the depth and complete the extrusion.
1. Click the check icon
in the Sketcher toolbar to accept the sketch. You return to the dashboard. A small drag handle appears on the part axis and the depth dimension is shown. Hold down the middle mouse button to rotate the model slightly, to see the handle more clearly.
2. Enter a depth of 0.05. Drag the handle and click the dimension directly on the lens, or enter the value in the dashboard.
Completed section, with depth handle
Enter the depth value here or in the dashboard text field
3. Click the check icon in the dashboard to accept the feature. When the feature is accepted, you can see it added to the Model Tree.
The finished lens protrusion
Round t he Lens Cor ners
Now you will add a round to each the outer edges. If you select and round one corner at a time, each round is added to the Model Tree as a separate feature. However, if you hold down the CTRL, select all four edges, and then add the round, the rounds are added as one feature, and all share the same degree value. This is the preferable method if you want all the corner rounds to be the same radius. You can then update them all in one edit, rather than selecting and editing each one in sequence.
Hold down the middle mouse button to rotate and zoom the lens to select all four corner edges. Click the first edge, and then rotate the CTRL key when selecting additional edges. Release CTRL to rotate the lens. Use the mouse wheel to zoom in and out as you need to.
When all four corner edges are selected, click the Round tool from the Feature Ceration tooldbar. The Round dashboard opens.
Drag the handle to resize it or click the dimension to enter 0.08, the correct value for the round. Middle-click or click the Check icon in the dashboard to complete the feature. Once again, the feature is added in the Model Tree.
Rounded corner in edit mode
Add a Color to the Part
Click View > Color and Appearance to add color to the part. If a color palette file isn’t available at your site, you can create and save one. Always assign colors that will make it easy to differentiate between parts of the assembly.
Summary
Now you’ve seen how to create and save a simple part file, and you’ve learned some of the basic Sketcher techniques. You might try to do all of these operations again from memory in a test file, just to practice the sequence of events.
In the next part you’ll see how to place a hole feature and create a circular pattern of holes based on the original hole. You’ll repeat some of the same techniques. If you get stuck, refer to the table before each part for the location of the detailed instructions.
Part 2: Earpiece
To create this part, you'll use some of the same extrusion techniques you used in the lens part. The only difference in this part is that the extrusion is round. You'll see how to insert a hole into a solid, then see how to use the hole to create a pattern of identical features from it.
There are several types of patterns and they are extremely useful for repetitive features. This particular pattern, the radial pattern, is commonly used for bolt hole circles. All the patterned features are associated with a “parent” feature, also called the pattern leader. When you edit the parent, the children update.
Technique or Feature
Where Introduced
Insert Protrusion
Part 1: Lens
Chamfers
New
Holes
New
Hole Patterns
New
Create the Earpiece Protrusion
To begin, create a new part called earpiece using the Extrude tool. Use the following guidelines and techniques from the previous section to create the chamfered protrusion to the following specifications. Then follow the instructions to add a hole and repeat it in a radial pattern.
3D circle with strong dimensions
Guidelines:
Use the Front datum as the sketching plane, as you did for the lens.
Use the circle tool
in the Sketcher toolbar to draw the circle and let the cursor snap to the center of the horizontal and vertical reference lines.
In Sketcher, enter a diameter dimension of 0.31. When you return to the dashboard, enter a thickness of 0.06.
The chamfer dimension for both edges is 0.01. (Remember, the chamfer is a separate feature from the round extrusion. Don’t try to create the chamfer from within the extrusion dashboard.)
Create the First Hole
Use the Hole dashboard to specify the dimensions and the location of the pattern leader hole.
There are various ways to position a hole on a solid. In this example, you’ll use a radial hole, which is defined by 1) a surface to lie on, 2) an axis to be offset from, and 3) a plane to use as a zero degree reference for rotating about the axis from which it is offset. You’ll use the extrusion surface, the extrusion center axis and the Top datum plane as these references.
1. Click Insert > Hole. The Hole dashboard opens.
2. Click the front surface of the earpiece. The hole is placed in preview outline. Several handles extrude from the outline. Two of them define the ends of the axis line. One defines the diameter. The remaining two are the reference handles.
The hole in preview mode, before referencing
Reference
handles
Diameter handle
Axis handles
In the dashboard, you can enter the diameter, 0.03, and the depth,
Click Placement on the dashboard, and set the hole type to Radial. Leave the slide up panel open.
To place the first radial reference, drag one of the reference handles to the extrusion’s axis. (Be sure axes are displayed.) The handle will snap to the axis and show as a white square with a black dot if it is referencing the axis properly. The slide-up panel will also show the axis as a secondary reference.
To place the second reference, drag the second reference handle to the Top datum plane. The datum should highlight, and the handle should snap to it and show as a dot in the square. The slide-up panel should also show the datum plane as a secondary reference.
With the two handles placed, enter 0.1 for the axial distance value in the slide up panel. This places the hole 0.1 from the axis. Enter 0 for the angular value in the slide up panel for the datum plane. This centers the hole on the datum plane.
Click the check icon in the dashboard to accept the feature.
0.05.
The radial hole referenced
Create the Radial Pattern
Now you’ll create a radial pattern based on the first hole. It is easier to understand patterning if you think of it as repeating dimensions rather than repeating features, although it is the feature that is repeated. In the setup process for patterning you are asked to identify dimensions that indicate the direction in which you want to repeat the pattern and to specify how many instances, including the original, that you want.
Select the hole in the Model Tree. From the right mouse button shortcut menu, click Pattern. The Pattern dashboard opens. The dimensions for the hole feature are activated.
You need a total of six items around the hole’s radial dimension, the one that is now set at 0. You express this to Pro/E in the following terms: “Increase the selected dimension by 60 degrees. Do it 6 times.”
First, double click the 0 dimension, and enter 60 in the text box. Press Enter. If you open the Dimensions slide up panel, you should see the dimension added to the first direction list, with 60 as the increment value.
Now, you must specify how many times to perform this increment. In the text box for the first direction in the dashboard, enter 6, and press Enter.
Click the check icon on the dashboard to accept the feature. The pattern is added to the model tree, in place of the original hole, and the hole is now contained in the pattern.
Finished pattern
The pattern is parametric and associative, in that if you change the diameter, or any other dimension of the leader feature, the patterned features will update to the new value. If you add a feature to the leader feature, for example a round on the edge of the hole, you can pass the new feature on to the patterned holes.
Summar y
You’ve now created the second part and have seen how to repeat selected dimensions to create a pattern as a feature. In the next exercise you’ll see some more advanced methods for applying parametric constraints in Sketcher and how to use an extrusion to specify an area of material to remove.
Part 3: Microphone
Slots inside cut
Cut offset from edges
The microphone is a rectangular box with a cut and two slots extruded into it. The two slots are parametrically associated to share dimensions and position from the center. In this part, you'll see how to use an extrusion to remove material from a solid. You'll also see how to use geometric constraints in Sketcher not only to measure geometry accurately, but to build in associativity between features in the process.
Technique or Feature
Where Introduced
Insert Extrusion
Part 1: Lens
Remove Material
New
Select by Loop
New
Place a Construction Line
New
Use Sketcher Point Constraint
New
Create the Rectangular Box
To begin, create a new part and name it microphone. Use the dimensions in the next figure to create the first extrusion.
Using the Front datum plane as the sketching plane, create a rectangular section in the upper-right quadrant of the work area as defined by the intersecting datum panes. Dimension the section and enter the depth as shown in the next figure.
Sketcher drawing with strong dimensions
Create the First Cut
Now you’ll see one quick method to specify an area from which to remove material. You’ll use the outer edge of the first section to define an offset for a new section inside the first section.
3D extrusion
Use the top surface as the sketching plane.
1. Click Insert > Extrude from the main menu. Open Sketcher from the dashboard, and select the top surface of the first extrusion as the sketching plane. Accept the default orientation in the Sketch dialog box, enter Sketcher, and close the References dialog box.
2. Click the Offset Entity from an Edge tool
on the Sketcher toolbar. The Type dialog box opens, showing different types of offset references.
Click Loop in the Type dialog box. Be sure not to close the dialog box.
Select one of the edges of the section to loop all the edges as the reference entity. A red directional arrow points outward from the selected edge. You are prompted for the offset value.
Creating an offset section
Use the Type dialog box to select a loop offset.
Direction arrow shows direction of offset.
5. Because you want to define an offset inside the loop, enter an offset value of -0.06.
Cut section after the offset value isapplied
Loop “S” markers show all edges included in the loop selection.
Click the check icon on the Sketcher toolbar to accept the section.
In the dashboard, set the properties for a cut:
a. Click the Remove Material icon
b.
Check the extrusion direction, and click the direction arrow if the extrusion is pointing out of the solid.
c.
Set the depth to 0.03.
8. Click the check icon
on the dashboard to accept the feature.
Now you have the first cut extrusion. The feature is added to the Model Tree. You’ll now make two mirrored slots in the bottom of this cut.
Create the Slots
The design intent for the slots is to have them identical, centered horizontally and vertically, and offset equally from the microphone center. They must also be associated so that an edit to one is reflected in the other. There are many ways to sketch these shapes to this criteria in Sketcher—this procedure is just one of them. Basically, you will use construction lines to mark the center of the rectangle. You will then create the slot on the left side using the same mirror technique you used to create the lens. When the first slot is created, you will mirror it to the opposite side.
First, you need to locate the center of the first section you created. You could simply calculate half the width and half the height, and place the point at the intersection, but the point would be determined by exact measurements and would not update if the height or the width dimensions changed. You want to locate the center point in such a way that it is parametrically associated with the boundaries of the rectangle section. Here is how to use Sketcher constraints to do this.
Define the Horizontal and Vertical Centers
1. Click Insert > Extrude. Enter Sketcher from the dashboard using the bottom surface of the first cut as the sketching plane. When the References dialog box opens, do not close it. (If you closed it, use Sketch > References in the main menu to open it again.)
Setting up the slot section
Select the “floor” of the cut as the sketching plane.
This time, use the References dialog box to add the outer edges of the protrusion as references. Highlighted reference lines should appear on all sides of the rectangle. Close the References dialog box.
Now, use the line tool
on the Sketcher toolbar to place a line from corner to corner diagonally across the outer rectangle. The line ends will snap to the corners.Middle-click to leave the tool when the line is finished.
Because you don’t want the line to be part of the section, select it and click Construction from the right mouse button shortcut menu. This toggles the line into a construction line, used for reference only.
Click the Sketcher point tool
on the Sketcher toolbar and place a Sketcher point on the construction line. As you move the point to the center of the line, an M symbol appears when it reaches the center. This is also the center of the rectangle. With the M symbols showing, click to place the point. The center is now permanently located because the point is constrained to the center of the line.
6. Click the centerline tool
, and snap horizontal and vertical centerlines on the center point. The first cut should now be bisected in both directions. You have now found the center of the rectangle and used it to define the horizontal and vertical center. Because the Sketcher reference point is constrained to be in the middle of the diagonal line, it will update its position if either the width or the height of the first protrusion changes.
Using a Sketcher point to locate the center of the extrusion
Sketch the Slot Section
Create the top half of the new cut above the horizontal centerline, and then mirror it to create the bottom half, as follows:
1. Zoom in to the left half of the cut. Draw two vertical, parallel lines up from the horizontal axis. Notice the constraint symbols for vertical, V, and equal length, L1.
Creating the slot section
Place an arc between the the two lines, tangent to the lines.
Start with two vertical lines of equal length, from the horizontal centerline.
2. Click the arc tool
and join the top points with an arc. Place the arc when the two T symbols appear, indicating tangency to the lines. (See the previous figure.)
3. Now, click the selection arrow
in the Sketcher toolbar and drag a selection rectangle around all the lines and the arc.
4. Click the mirror tool
on the Sketcher toolbar. Click the horizontal centerline. The lines are mirrored to form the first cut.
5. Use the add
or modify
dimension tools to add the final dimensions to the section as shown in the next figure. The arc centers are 0.13 from the outer edge of the first extrusion, and 0.10 apart. The arc is 0.04 in diameter.
Final dimensions for the first slot
Edge of the first extrusion.
6. Hold down CTRL to multiple-select the section. Click the mirror tool
again, and then click the vertical axis. The slot is copied across the vertical axis.
7. Click
to finish the section. You are returned to the dashboard. As you did with the first cut, click the remove material icon and set the extrusion direction into the solid. Set the depth to 0.03. The part is complete.
Summary
To demonstrate the associativity of the slots, select the slot cut feature in the Model Tree and click Edit in the right mouse button shortcut menu. The dimensions are shown for the original slot. If you enter a different dimension for the height, .12 for example, you’ll see both slots update to the new height.
Part 4: PC Board
crosshatch
The printed circuit board is another simple part with a full round, two chamfers, and four holes. You will learn how to create two holes in Sketcher as one feature, and then mirror the feature in 3D mode. You will create a datum curve as a reference for the placement of the keypad.
Technique or Feature
Where Introduced
Insert Extrusion
Part 1: Lens
Full Round Feature
New
Chamfer Feature
Part 1: Lens
Holes
Part 2: Earpiece
Copy and Mirror in 3D
New
Create a Sketcher Datum Curve
New
Create the PC Board Protrusion
Create a part called pc_board. With the Extrude tool, sketch the board as shown below:
Use the Front datum plane as the sketching plane. In Sketcher, place a centerline down the vertical datum so that you can use Sketcher constraints to center the rectangle.
The Top datum plane should be the horizontal reference. Place the bottom of the rectangle on the Top datum pane.
When you exit Sketcher, set the depth to 0.06.
Dimensions for PC board sketch
Create the Chamfers and Round
Now, add the round and chamfers as features. Remember, you could create the round and chamfers in Sketcher, but it is better to create as many aspects of a part as possible as discrete, adjustable features.
Add the Edge Chamfers
Hold down CTRL to multiple select the two lower thin edges. Click Insert > Chamfer > Edge Chamfer. The Chamfer dashboard opens.
In the Chamfer list, click 45 X D. This gives you a 45-degree angle chamfer with an assigned dimension.
Enter 0.14 for the dimension in the D text box.
Click the check icon on the dashboard to accept the feature and exit the dashboard.
Add the Full Round
To round the corners you will use a full round rather than two 90-degree rounds. A full round will update with any changes to the width of the parent protrusion.
Click Insert > Round. The round dashboard opens.
To select the edge opposite the chamfers for the round, rotate the model and select the edge.
Rotate the model , hold down CTRL, and select the second edge. Both edges should be highlighted.
Click Sets in the Round dashboard. The slide-up panel shows both selections as one set.
Click the Full Round button to add the full round to the PC board. Click the check icon in the dashboard to accept the feature.
Rounding the top
Place the Holes
1. Use Insert > Hole to create the hole features as shown on the PC board model for this part. When the Hole dashboard opens, enter the settings from the next table. For the primary reference, click the surface near where you want to place the first hole. This surface appears in the Placement panel’s primary collector.
Values forthe first hole in the PC board
Hole Type
Straight
Diameter
.13
Depth
Thru All
Primary reference
Surface (XXX)
Type: Linear
Secondary reference 1
Right datum
Distance .5
Secondary reference 2
Top datum
Distance .15
Drag the reference handles to the Right and Top datum planes as shown in the next figure. Use the Placement panel to enter the exact distance values, or double-click a dimension to enter them directly on the model.
To set the depth, click the Thru All icon
from the depth setting types toolbar.
4. Click the Check icon to accept the feature.
Placing the first hole on the PC board
Drag the reference handles to the Right and Top datum planes. A black dot indicates that they have snapped into place.
Create the Second Hole
Use the Insert > Hole again to place the second hole. Use the same datum planes, Top and Right, but enter a distance of 4.15 from the Top datum, and 0.4 as the distance from the Right datum. You can enter all of the following references in the Hole dashboard Placement panel
Values forthesecond hole in the PCBoard
Hole Type
Straight
Diameter
.13
Depth
Thru All
Primary reference
Surface (XXX)
Type: Linear
Secondary reference 1
Right datum
Offset .4
Secondary reference 2
Top datum
Offset 4.15
Copy and Mirror the Holes
Now that you have two holes on one side, you can quickly copy and mirror them onto the other side of the PC board.
Click Edit > Feature Operations. The menu manager opens.
In the menu manager, click Copy.
3. In the Copy Feature submenu, choose Mirror , Select and Dependent.
4. Click Done. You are prompted to select the features to be mirrored.
From the Model Tree, select the two hole features you just created. (You don’t have to hold down Ctrl to multiple select in this mode.) Click Done in the menu manager. You are prompted to select a plane to mirror about.
Select the Right datum plane from the Model Tree. The new holes are mirrored about the Right datum plane. The new copied group is added to the Model Tree. Click Done in the menu manager to close it.
Mirrored holes
Create a Datum Curve for the Keypad Reference
A datum curve is a type of datum that is created by defining a series of points connected by an arc. A sketched datum curve is similar, except it is actually drawn onto the model using the section drawing tools in Sketcher. It does not define geometry as a section does, but it can be added for any number of reasons: as a reference for assembly, other features, or as a notational device. Here you’ll use a flat datum curve to show the PC board designer the intended position of the keypad.
Click Insert > Model Datum > Sketched Curve. The Sketch dialog box opens, prompting for a sketching plane.
Click the front surface of the PC board, and click Sketch in the dialog box. Sketcher opens. In the References dialog box, select the side edges as references. Close the dialog box
Draw a rectangle across the middle of the PC board section and dimension it using the dimensions from the next figure (0.4) from the Top datum, and height of 2.
Dimensions for the datum curve feature
Summar y
4. Click the check icon
to complete the section. The datum curve is added as a simple outline. To crosshatch it, right-click the datum curve in the Model Tree and click Edit Definition from the shortcut menu. Use the Sketch dialog box Properties tab to turn on crosshatching.
In the first four parts you've learned to create simple extrusions to define solids and cuts, and to create patterns. You have created a datum curve as a reference for the placement of the keypad. In the next part of the cell phone, the antenna, you’ll use a variation of the extrusion technique, a revolved protrusion. New Sketcher techniques, including the quick way to cycle through constraints while sketching, will also be presented.
Part 5: Antenna
A sketched 2D profile that is revolved around an axis, a revolved extrusion, is used to create the antenna. The tip of the antenna is created first and a revolved cut is then added to it. The antenna shaft is created with another round extrusion from the base of the tip.
Technique or Feature
Where Introduced
Revolved Extrusion
New
Round Extrusion
Part 1: Lens
Revolved Cut
New
Insert Extrusion
Part 1: Lens
Sketch the Revolved Protrusion
Create a new part file and call it antenna.
Select Insert > Revolve. Enter Sketcher through the dashboard, and use the Front datum as the sketching plane.
In Sketcher, place a centerline along the vertical axis.
Use the line tool
to sketch the polygon as shown in the next figure.
Rough sketchof the antenna tip
Pro/ENGINEER automatically generates weak dimensions for the section. These dimensions define the revolved section for the extrusion. However, you may devise another method that better meets your needs.
4. Use the Add Dimension tool
on the Sketcher toolbar to insert a dimension for the angle of the outer wall. Click each side of the angle and then middle-click between the sides to place the dimension. The weak dimension value for the top of the shape disappears, because that dimension is now determined by the angle. Middle-click to exit the tool, and click OK in the Select Item box.
Adding strong dimensions
Add an angle
dimension.
Click cornercenterline- corner to add the diameter dimension.
Right-click the weak height dimension and select Strong on the shortcut menu. The weak dimension is converted to a strong dimension, which remains when other dimensions or constraints are added.
Use the Add Dimension tool
on the Sketcher toolbar, and then click the outer corner of the section, the centerline below the section, and the outer corner of the section again. (See the next illustration.) Middle-click to complete the dimension. This action doubles the radius of the revolve and enters it as the diameter of the base.
Every parametric relationship that determines the shape of the revolved extrusion has now been defined: height, base diameter, and taper. This process is known as solid definition.
Final dimensions for the antenna tip extrusion
Now you will add the real values for all the dimensions. Use Edit > Select > All to select everything in the sketch.
Click the modify dimensions tool
. Inthe Modify Dimensions dialog box, enter the desired values for all the dimensions. Remember, you can select a dimension in Sketcher to highlight it in the dialog box.
9. Now click
on the Sketcher toolbar to finish the sketch. You are brought back to the dashboard, with the revolution completed to 360 degrees. Drag the degree handle to see how the revolved solid works. It can be set to any angle up to 360. Set the revolve to 360 and accept the feature.
Add a Round to the Top
As you have done previously, select the top edge of the protrusion and use the right mouse button shortcut menu to add a round of 0.02.
Add the Revolved Cut
In this section you’ll learn more techniques for using constraints in Sketcher. You’ll add a revolved cut to the revolved surface. You might have included this cut as part of the revolved protrusion’s profile, but remember, the best practice is to keep as many features as possible as separate entities.
To start, use Insert > Revolve and enter Sketcher. Use the Front datum as the sketching plane. Click Sketch and the References dialog box opens.
Select the angled outline of the antenna tip as a reference. It is added to the list of items in the dialog box. Click OK and close the dialog box.
Add a centerline along the axis of the protrusion.
Preparing to create the revolved cut
Sketch the first line (line 1 in the next figure) into the solid from the revolved surface. You will notice that the constraint is defaulting to H, or horizontal to the top. You want the line to be perpendicular to the revolved surface, so, while the H is visible, quickly right-click to disable the default constraint. (Don’t hold down the button long enough to bring up the shortcut menu—just click the button.) You’ll see a line drawn through the default constraint symbol, indicating the default snapping constraint is turned off.
You’ll now be able to draw the line to an angle perpendicular to the revolved surface. (You’ll see the perpendicular symbol, an inverted T, when the line is in position.)
Draw the remaining lines. Lines 1 and 3 in the next figure are perpendicular to the revolved edge. Line 2 is parallel to it.
Sketching the cut section Line 1 is perpendicular to the referenced edge.
Line 2 is perpendicular to line 1..
Line 3 is parallel to line 1.
6. Use the Sketcher Point tool
to place a Sketcher point at the intersection of the tip edge and the base. When you have completed the rough section, you need a dimension to locate it in reference to the tip base. Because the tip base and the bottom of the cut are not parallel, you cannot enter a constant dimension between them.
7. Now use the Add Dimensions tool
to add the dimension between the Sketcher point and the bottom line of the cut. For the bottom line, you are selecting the line itself, not its intersection with the tip edge. If the dimension is entered properly, the witness lines for the dimension are parallel to the bottom of the cut, not the tip base. Replace the weak dimensions with the strong ones shown in the next figure, giving them the values indicated.
Tip
You can also toggle existing weak dimensions into strong dimensions; just select the dimension and press Ctrl+t
Finished dimensions for the revolved cut
8. When you are finished sketching, accept the section and return to the dashboard. Enter 360 for the revolve angle. Make sure the remove material icon is active. Accept the feature and return to 3D mode.
Make the Shaft Extrusion
The shaft is a single cylindrical extrusion centered on the revolve axis. To add it, click Insert > Extrude. Enter Sketcher from the dashboard and
Circle tool in Sketcher to create a circular section, letting the center snap to the center of the tip feature. The circle diameter is 0.125. Enter a length of 3 in the dashboard. Make sure the extrusion points away from the tip base. If it does not, click the Direction icon to change it. Accept the feature. The part is complete.
Summary
So far, the five cell phone parts contain fewer than a dozen features. You should now have a good understanding of Sketcher operations, especially how to define the shape of solids by building in geometric constraints. The associativity among dimensions in the antenna tip illustrated this process. Remember best practice is to create features as separate entities. Each feature then appears in the Model Tree so changes can easily be made to it.
Part 6: Keypad
In the earpiece part, you defined a radial pattern, one that created new instances of a feature at intervals around a radius. The keypad also uses a pattern, but this one defines the number of instances in the x and y directions.
Like the PC board, the keypad uses a copy and mirror operation for the upper two large buttons. This part also introduces relations, or formulas used in place of dimension values. You'll see how to refer to dimensions by their ID numbers rather than by their values, and how to reference dimensions by their ID numbers within a formula. The relation technique is useful in Sketcher, as well as in Part and Assembly modes, to ensure that features and parts are properly associated.
Technique or Feature
Where Introduced
Insert Extrusion
Part 1: Lens
Round Corners
Part 1: Lens
Pattern Feature in Two Directions
New
Use Relation as a Dimension Value
New
Sketch the Keypad Protrusion
To start, create a new part called keypad. Use the following guidelines to create the first extrusion with the dimensions shown in the next figure:
Start Sketcher from the Extrude dashboard, and use the Front datum plane as the sketching plane. Add a vertical centerline as a point of reference for the keypad rectangle constraints. The centerline will bisect the pad vertically.
Start in the upper-left corner and drag a rectangle across the centerline, down to the lower right. Stop at the Top datum. Remember, the facing arrows tell you that the lines on either side centerline are the same length.
Dimensions for the keypad protrusion
Facing > <> Extrude to create an elliptical extrusion on the first
extrusion as the sketching plane. In Sketcher, use the ellipse tool on the Circle flyout menu. After you sketch the basic ellipse, enter the distance and radius values shown in the next figure: 0.44 from the centerline and 0.1875 from the Top datum plane. Enter the button radii as shown in the next figure.
Location and dimensions for the first button
2. When you accept the section and return to the dashboard, give the button a value of 0.22 for the depth. Accept the feature.
Pattern the Button
Now you’ll pattern the button feature. Remember, it is easier to understand patterning if you think of it as repeating dimensions rather than repeating features, although it is the feature that gets repeated in a pattern. In the patterning dashboard you are asked to identify dimensions that indicate the direction in which you want to repeat the pattern. You will also specify how many copies, including the original, you want.
1. Select the button extrusion in the Model Tree. Right-click and select Pattern from the shortcut menu. The Pattern dashboard opens, and you are prompted “Select dimensions to vary in the first direction.” Notice that the collector for the first direction is active.
2. You’ll use the x direction as the first direction, and you’ll create two more buttons to the left of the original; one centered on the first extrusion, and one 0.44 to the left of the center. To do this,
a.
Click to select the 0.44 dimension. A value box opens on the dimension.
b.
Enter -0.44 and press Enter. A positive value would have sent the pattern to the right, away from the referenced dimension.
c.
In the text box to the left of the dimension collector, enter 3 for the number of instances, including the original, to create in the pattern.
d.
Click the check icon on the dashboard to accept the pattern and check whether all values are entered correctly. The first part of the pattern should be added as shown in the next illustration.
The first part of the button pattern: the X direction
Now you’ll go back and enter the Y direction. (You usually enter both X and Y direction at the same time. This step is simply to check the pattern setup.) Right-click the pattern in the Model Tree, and click Edit Definition from the shortcut menu. The Pattern dashboard opens to the existing pattern.
Open the Dimensions panel. Click the second direction collector. It should be yellow color and show Select Items.
Select the vertical dimension. Enter 0.35 as the increment and 4 as the number of instances. Accept the feature.
The finished pattern
Apply Rounds to the Pattern
Now use Ctrl + click to select the top and bottom edges of the first button, the pattern leader, and apply a round of 0.03 to them. When the rounds are complete, they are added as one feature to the Model Tree.
Right-click the new round in the Model Tree, and select Pattern from the shortcut menu. The rounds are applied to the rest of the pattern.
Rounding the pattern leader
Extrude the Large Button
Click Insert > Extrude and start the sketch. Select the front surface as the sketching plane. The keypad enters Sketcher mode, and the References dialog box opens.
Select the edge of the upper-right button as a reference, as shown in the next figure. You are actually referencing the vertical surface of the button, not the edges of the rounds. To select the correct entity, place the cursor over the button edge and select Pick from List from the shortcut menu. A list box opens, listing all entities in the vicinity under the cursor.
From the list box, select one of the surfaces listed. The edge around the entire surface will highlight, and the center of the ellipse is shown. When the surface is selected, it is added to the list in the References dialog box, and its color changes to orange to indicate that it is a reference.
Click the centerline tool
Adding a reference for the first large button
, and let the centerline snap to the referenced edge, as shown above. You’ll see a T at the intersection indicating tangency between the edge and the centerline. Place another centerline along the vertical axis of the first extrusion.
Sketch the Large Button Section
Now you can add the section for the large button. The section is drawn using three straight lines and an arc closing the top. Set the strong dimensions as shown below.
Strong dimensions forthe large button
mension from the bottom of the pad.
Use the Add Dimensions tool to place a dimension between the bottom line of the large button and the center of the top right button of the pattern. For now, accept the weak value. This is the dimension you will “drive” with a relational formula.
Accept the section. Check whether the section is extruding in the proper direction and correct it if necessary.
For the depth, use the Extrude To Surface
icon from the depth list. You are prompted to select an existing surface to use as a reference for the button height.
4. Select the top of one of the small buttons. The height of the large buttons will now be dependent on the height of the smaller ones. Accept the feature.
Establish Distance Relations for the Buttons
The design intent is to keep the large buttons vertically spaced to the lower pattern in the same proportion as the lower pattern buttons are vertically spaced to each other. You will use a relational formula to keep the proportion exact.
In this procedure you’ll also see how to reference dimensions by their ID numbers (for example, d56) rather than their values. To toggle the display between dimension values and ID numbers, use Info > Switch Dims. (Your dimension ID numbers may be different from the ones shown here.)
The dimension ID has a prefix that identifies its dimension type. A dimension in Sketcher will have an s in front of the d, noting it as a Sketcher dimension, for example, sd44. The dimensions for the elliptical buttons use the letters Rx and Ry for radius x-direction and radius y-direction. You don’t need the extra prefix letters when entering the dimension IDs in relations. The dimension Ryd8 would just be entered as d8.
The relation includes the dimension between the vertical centers of two adjacent small buttons (d273) and the button y-direction radius (d269) as shown in the next figure. It stipulates that the distance between the bottom edge of the large button and the center of the small button below it (d301) is the same as the distance between the edge of a small button and the center of the next one in the vertical direction.
That distance is the distance between two button centers, minus the radius of one button. So the expression you’ll enter is
Distance between large button bottom edge and center of next small button= small button vertical center to center, minus small button y-radius, or:
d301=d273-d269. (You’ll use your equivalent dimension IDs.)
Dimensions toggled to show dimension IDs
To enter the relation, click Tools > Relations. The Relations dialog box opens.
Click the large button extrusion and then the pattern. The dimensions
Toggle Symbol
in the toolbar to switch them.
Using the above figure as a guide, and substituting the symbol names as they appear ion your computer, enter the following into the Relations dialog box: d301=d273-d269.
Click OK in the dialog box. The formula now determines the value of d301.
To see the effect of the relation:
a.
Select the button pattern in the Model Tree and click Edit from the shortcut menu. The dimensions for the pattern are activated.
b.
Select the dimension for the distance between the small button centers and change it to a larger number.
c.
Click Edit > Regenerate. You should see the large button move in proportion to the small buttons. Repeat the process to return the part to its original dimensions.
Round the Large Button Edges
Multiple-select the four vertical edges (corners) of the large button extrusion. From the shortcut menu, add a round of 0.11. Multiple-select part of one edge from the top and part of one edge from the bottom of the button. Use the shortcut menu to apply a round of 0.04, which will automatically be applied to the entire edge.
Rounding the large button
Mirror the Large Button Section
In the Model Tree, select the large button feature, including the rounds.
Select Edit > Mirror from the main menu or the Mirror icon on the toolbar.
Select the RIGHT datum plane for the mirror. Accept the feature. A mirrored copy of the selected features is added opposite the existing button.
Summary
A relatively complex part using combined patterns and 3D mirroring is now complete. You have also learned how to reference dimensions by ID numbers in relational formulas.
Part 7: Back Cover
The back cover part revisits several basic techniques you’ve used already and introduces some new ones: adding a draft angle and shelling a protrusion. Shelling hollows out a solid to a given wall thickness. You’ll also see how to create a new datum plane offset from the solid, from which to begin a protrusion. You’ll use this technique to create the antenna brace and the screw posts on the floor of the shell.
Technique or Feature Where Introduced
Insert Extrusion
Part 1: Lens
Round Feature
Part 1: Lens; Part 5: Antenna
Extruded Cut: Two Sides
New
Draft Feature
New
Shell Feature
New
Make Datum on the Fly
New
Hole Features
Part 2: Earpiece
Copy and Mirror in 3D Part 6: Keypad
Round Feature Using Edge Chain New
Create the Basic Protrusion
In a new part called back_cover, create the basic extrusion according to the dimensions in the next figure. Use the Front datum plane as the sketching plane, and add a centerline down the vertical axis, as you did for the Keypad.
Sketch a rectangle that is centered on the centerline and rests on the Top datum plane. Dimensions are 4.75 (height) and 1.75 (width). In the dashboard, enter a value of 0.50 for the depth.
Dimensions for the back coverprotrusion
Create the First Cut
Now you’ll remove an angled slice of the solid to taper the back side of the phone. You’ll see how to extrude the cut in two directions from a central point. In this case you’ll use the Right datum plane, as shown in the next figure.
A cut feature can extrude from both sides of the sketching plane
Click Insert > Extrude. Use the right datum plane as the sketching plane. Make sure the orientation is correct. If not, click Flip in the Sketch dialog box.
Sketch the cut with a single lnie as shown in the next figure. When prompted for alignment, click Yes for each point. Reference lines and constraints are added automatically.
Adding dimensions for the cut section
. 25 f r om t he edge
9 deg re e angle
Add any other necessary dimensions. Enter exact values: 0.25 for the distance from the edge and 9 for the degree of angle.
Accept the sketch. Now you’ll set up the rest of the cut properties in the dashboard. As long as you can see the extrusion direction arrow, you don’t have to move the model in any way:
a. Click the Remove Material icon
to make the extrusion a cut.
b. Click the Direction icon
if necessary so the direction arrow points away from the solid.
c. Click Options, and in the slide up panel, set the depth for both side one and side two to To Next.
5. Click the dashboard preview icon and rotate the model to see the cut. Click the check icon in the dashboard to accept the feature.
Round the Corners
Select the two bottom corners and the two upper corners separately. Right-click and select Round Edges from the shortcut menu. Apply a round of 0.50 for the bottom corners and 0.75 for the top.
Apply a round to the juncture between the extrusion and the cut. Enter a value of 4.
Rounding the cut edge
Add the Draft
The draft feature will taper the back cover on all sides by 10 degrees, from the front to the back. To define a draft, you select the surface to which to apply the draft, and then specify a hinge plane, a draft direction, and a draft angle.
1. To start, you’ll select one segment of the surface you want to draft. Orient the model as shown in the next figure. Using the Smart filter, click the surface shown in the next figure. By default Pro/E will use this segment to determine that you want to draft it and its adjoining surfaces.
Applying the draft feature
Select one surface section to represent the entire draft surface.
Click Insert > Draft. The Draft dashboard opens. The Draft hinges collector is active, waiting for the hinge reference.
In the References collector, click the front surface of the cover as the hinge reference. The edge of the surface is highlighted, and the draft angle handles appear. The draft direction arrow should be pointing away from the solid.
Using the front surface as the draft neutral plane
Select the Front surface as the hinge plane.
Drag the handle to 10 degrees, or enter 10 for the depth box.
Click Preview to see the finished feature, or click the check icon to accept the feature and return to the work area.
The completed draft
R o u n d th e B a c k E dge s
Because there are ten sections of the back edge to select, it will be faster to use an edge chain to define the edge to round. Because the back edge forms a continuous line, you can use the Shift key to select a chain of edge sections by selecting two of them.
With the Smart filter on, click an edge section until it highlights in bold. (Alternately you can set the filter to Geometry and select the edges directly.)
Hold down the Shift key and click another section of the same edge. Pro/E selects all the adjoining edge sections in an edge chain, as shown in the next figure.
Rounded Edges: Edge Chain Selection
Click the Round Edges from the right mouse button menu. In the Rounds dashboard, enter a radius value of .15. The rounded sections are entered as one feature in the Model Tree.
Accept the feature and exit the dashboard.
Shell the Extr usion
Now you are ready to use the Shell function to hollow out the solid. You only need to select the surface that you want to remove and specify a thickness for the walls of the shell.
Click Insert > Shell. In the Shell dashboard, enter a thickness of
Rotate the model so that you can select the front surface. Accept the feature.
0.03.
Selecting for the Shell Tool
Add the Antenna Brace
The antenna brace is extruded into the solid from a datum plane offset above the part. When a feature is created using a datum made on the fly, the datum is automatically grouped with the feature as a group in the Model Tree. The datum plane is hidden when the feature is finished, and only displays the particular feature is saved. Use the Thru to Next direction setting to make the extrusion conform to the cover surface.
Creating the antenna brace protrusion
Offset datum plane is added on the fly.
Section for the antenna brace.
To begin, click Insert > Extrude. In the Extrusion dashboard click the Sketcher icon. When you are prompted for the sketching plane, instead of selecting an existing plane, click Insert > Model Datum > Plane. The Datum Plane properties dialog box opens.
Click in the References collector of this dialog box to activate it, and then click the Top datum plane, either in the Model Tree or in the model itself. A new plane is added, offset from the Top datum.
Note
Offset is the default datum type when you select a datum plane as a reference. You can use the list box to the right of the selection to change the reference type. To add extra references to the collector, hold down the Ctrl key when you select the references.
3. In the Offset Translation box, enter 4.85. This will place the datum plane 0.10 above the edge of the cover. Click OK in the dialog box.
Click the Continue button, then click the new plane in the Placement panel to make it the sketching plane.
If necessary, click Flip to make the sketch view direction arrow point towards the solid. The cover will be oriented in a top-up position, making it easier to visualize the location of the section while drawing. Click Sketch.
The Right and Front datums are all you will need to reference, so close the References dialog box.
Create a circle on the sketching plane, with the dimensions as shown in the next figure. The diameter is 0.29, the center is 0.22 from the Front datum, and 0.62 from the Right datum.
Dimensions for circle protrusion
if necessary.
8. Select Extrude to Intersect as the depth type, and select the surface the extrusion will encounter. This stops the protrusion at the next surface it encounters, making it conform to an uneven surface. Click the dashboard Preview icon to see the result. Accept the feature.
Add Hole and Rounds to Brace Feature
To add a hole centered on the brace axis, Select the brace axis, and then click Insert > Hole. A preview hole is placed in line with the axis. (Be sure axes are displayed. To simplify selecting the axis, use Pick from List or set the filter to Datums.) Set the diameter to 0.13.
Open the Placement panel. It should show the hole type as coaxial, with the brace axis as the primary reference. Click in the secondary reference collector to activate it, and select the circular surface of the brace as the secondary reference. This positions the hole at the upper surface of the brace.
3. Select Thru to Next for the depth, so that the hole will stop at the next surface. Accept the hole feature and exit the dashboard.
Adding rounds to the brace
Now add the round. Right-click the top edge of the brace and use the shortcut menu to add a round of 0.03.
To round the joint between the brace and the body, select a tangent chain the same way you did earlier in the part, for the draft edge. With the Smart filter on, click over an edge section until the section itself is selected. Then hold down the Shift key and select any other section in the chain. The entire edge is automatically selected. Add a round of 0.02.
Add Screw Post Extrusions
In this exercise, you’ll finish the cover by creating an extrusion feature consisting of two posts used to screw the halves of the cell phone cover together. You’ll put a standard-spec type of hole into the posts, and add rounds to the posts’ intersections with the shell. When these features are finished, you’ll copy and mirror them to the opposite side of the shell.
Screw posts
Because the posts sit below the surface of the shell profile, you will make a datum plane offset down from the rim of the shell to use as a sketching plane. The posts will extrude from the new plane down to the floor of the shell, the same way the antenna brace joined to the shell.
Select Insert > Extrude. With the plane collector active in the Sketch dialog box, click Insert > Model Datum Plane from the main menu. Set up an offset datum plane the same way you did for the antenna brace, but offset the datum from the lip surface of the cover by -0.06. A negative value places the datum below the rim.
After it is placed, click OK in the dialog box, and click Sketch in the Section dialog box to enter Sketcher. If the part does not appear in the correct orientation, click the X icon on the Sketcher tool bar and OK in the Confirm dialog box. The Sketch dialog box reappears. Click the Flip and Orientation buttons to change the orientation, and then click OK.
Draw a circle for the bottom post section first. Once again, scale is not important–you can draw a large circle so you can see what you’re doing, and dimension it down later. Click to complete the current circle. Move the cursor toward the upper part of the cover, and draw the second circle.
Placing the offset datum plane
4. As you draw the second circle away from the center, an “R” constraint symbol appears at the new circle when its radius matches that of the first one. Complete the circle when the R symbol is visible. The second circle is now constrained to be aligned with the first, and to share the same radius value.
Note
You can also apply these constraints to the two circles after the fact, using Sketch > Constrain.
5. Add the strong dimensions, and then enter a diameter value of 0.19. Accept the sketch. Make sure the extrusion direction is pointing inward, and set depth type to Thru To Next. Accept the feature.
Dimensions for the post feature
Rough sections with “R” radius constraint symbol.
Add Holes to the Screw Posts
Now you’ll add countersunk holes to the posts. You’ll add one hole, then copy it to the other post. When you finally mirror the posts and holes to the other side of the shell, they will all be associative.
The first hole will start through the back of the shell. The hole will also be counter bored, so the countersink will occur near the top of the post, as shown in the next figure. Be sure axes are displayed–you will use them as references for the holes.
1. Select Insert > Hole. Select the axis with which to place the lower-post hole. A preview hole is placed concentric to the axis.
Placing the hole on the back of the shell
2. Click the Placement panel. The hole should show as coaxial, with the hole’s axis as the primary reference. If it is not that way, select the axis, and then activate the secondary references collector and select the large flat surface on the back of the shell. The hole is now properly referenced.
3. Select Standard Hole,
Countersink and Counterbore
. Click the Shape panel and enter the information as shown. The drill depth is Thru All. Accept the feature.
Countersunk hole setup values
Copy the Hole Feature
You will want the four holes that you will eventually create to be associative, that is, that they all update when a change is made to the parent. The best way to do this is to copy the parent feature to another location, in this case, the second post. After the hole is copied to the second post, you will mirror the posts, holes, and the rounds you will make at the bases to the other side of the Right datum plane. You will then have four drilled posts, all associative.
When you copy a feature, you proceed though a series of prompts in the Pro/E Menu Manager that let you change dimensions or references for the copied feature. In this case, you’ll just be copying the hole along the same plane, to a different axis:
Click Edit > Feature Operations. Click Copy in the Menu Manager.
Highlight New Refs in the Copy Feature submenu, (you will be supplying a new reference) Select (you will select a feature to copy from the current part) , and Dependent (the copy will take and retain dimensions from the parent), and then Done. You are prompted to select the feature to copy.
Select the hole from the Model Tree. The Menu Manager opens to the Group Elements menu, with the VAR DIMS line highlighted. The dimensions of the hole are numbered and highlighted. If you wanted to vary the copy, you would use this menu. Because you want the copy to be exact, click Done. The WHICH REF menu opens. The surface reference for the parent hole is highlighted in the part.
Because you are going to use this reference for the copy, click Same. The second reference for the parent hole, the axis, is now highlighted.
Leaving Alternate selected, click the axis for the second post. The hole is copied, and added to the Model Tree as a copied group. Click Done.
Multiple-select the base joint of each post and apply a round of 0.03. Accept the feature.
Round at the base of a post
Mirror the Screw Posts
Finally, you’ll copy and mirror the screw posts to the other side of the shell using the same process as copying the holes in the PC board.
1. Click Edit > Feature Operations.
In the Menu Manager click Copy. In the Copy Feature menus, highlight Mirror, Select and Dependent.
Click Done in the Menu Manager. You are prompted to select the features to be mirrored. In the Model Tree, select:
the protrusion with the two posts
the original hole
the group for the copied hole
the round feature at the post’s bases (The rounds should be one feature.)
Click OK in the Select Confirmation dialog box, and Done in the Menu Manager.
Click the Right datum plane, in the window or in the Model Tree. The copied features are mirrored and added as a group to the Model Tree. Click Done in the Menu Manager.
Holes and screw posts mirrored
Summar y
You have created a part using a shell, a draft, rounds, and holes as features, and learned how to use some fairly simple geometry to create a detailed and complex form. The final part is a more elaborate exercise that uses many of the same techniques.
Part 8: The Front Cover
The front cover is similar to the back cover in that it is a shelled protrusion with screw posts extruding from the interior surface. It includes cuts to accept the lens and mounting shelves for the earpiece and the microphone parts.
The front cover also requires cuts to accommodate the buttons of the keypad. In this case, the easiest way to create the holes in the front cover is to do it at the assembly level. When the keypad and the front cover are part of an assembly, you can create all the required cuts by directing Pro/E to cut out material where interference exists between the two parts. The cutouts are passed back to the part and remain stored with it. You’ll see how to do this when you assemble the parts in the next chapter.
Technique or Feature
Where Introduced
Insert ExPtrusion, Rounds
Part 1: Lens
Extruded Cut: Two Sides
Part 7: Back Cover
Draft Feature
Part 7: Back Cover
Shell Feature
Part 7: Back Cover
Make Datum on the Fly
Part 7: Back Cover
Hole Features
Part 2: Earpiece
Copy and Mirror in 3D
Part 6: Keypad; Part 7: Back Cover
Rounds using Edge Chain
Part 7: Back Cover
Import Saved Section
New
Create the Front Cover Protrusion
Create a new part called front_cover.
Create the first protrusion in the same way that you created the first protrusion for the back cover. Use the Front datum as the sketching plane, and accept the defaults for orientation. In Sketcher, place a centerline on the vertical axis and sketch the rectangular protrusion as shown in the next figure. Make sure that the “ > <” symbols show that the rectangle is centered horizontally on the centerline. When you accept the sketch and return to the dashboard, set the depth at 0.195. Dimensions for the front cover protrusion Add a centerline to the vertical axis (Right datum plane). Add Construction Datum Planes Next, you’ll add two construction datum planes. The first one will be through the upper surface of the first protrusion. The second will be offset by 2 units along the protrusion from the first one. To add the first datum plane, click Insert > Model Datum > Plane. Select the surface opposite the Top datum as a reference in the Datum Plane dialog box. The new datum appears in preview.
Click the direction arrow on the preview datum so that it points toward the solid. Because the datum will be flush with the surface, leave the Translation value set at zero. Click OK in the Datum Plane dialog box.
To add the second datum plane, click Insert > Model Datum > Plane again. Click the datum you just added as the reference for the new datum. Enter a translation value of 2.
4. Click OK in the Datum Plane dialog box. The new datum is added, offset into the protrusion 2 units from the first.
Adding construction datum planes
Select this edge for the first added datum.
Round the Front Cover Corners
Use the CTRL key to select the top two corner edges. (It will be easier to select the edges if you turn off datum display.)
Right-click and select Round Edges from the shortcut menu to add a round of 0.75. Use the same technique on the bottom corner edges, adding a round of 0.50.
After you add the first two rounds, you can remain in the Round dashboard, and add the second two rounds. Rounds that you add after you enter the tool are added as separate sets of the feature. Pro/E will assign the last values you used as a default to the new rounds, and you can use the Sets slide-up panel in the dashboard to edit the values as needed. All sets included in the tool session are added to the Model Tree as one feature.
Dimensions for rounded corners
Lift the Lens Housing Extrusion
In this procedure, you’ll creat an extrusion from the front surface of the first, and you’ll see how to use some of the edges that already exist to define the new section.
To start, click Insert > Extrude and select the front surface of the first protrusion as the sketching plane. This is the surface that is offset from the Front datum. Click Sketch.
In the References dialog box, add the offset construction datum to the references, and click Close. (Remember, you might have to turn the datum display on to select the datum. When the datum is referenced, you can turn the datum display off to unclutter the drawing area.)
Setting up to sketch the lens housing extrusion
Select the front surface as the sketching plane.
Add the offset datum as a reference.
Select Sketch > Edge > Use to define the extrusion using existing edges. When the Type dialog box opens, click Chain, but don’t close the dialog box.
At the prompt, click both sides of the existing extrusion. Pro/E selects the two lines and one of the arcs between them, the upper or lower. Use the Choose dialog box to make sure the upper arc is selected (click Next to change the selection), and click Accept. Click OK and then click Close in the Type dialog box. The chain is marked by the S-shaped chain symbol.
Note
You could have selected the edges individually, but when you establish a chain, the whole shape updates when any changes are made to the underlying geometry.
5. Place a center-and-endpoints arc
so that the center point is aligned with the vertical center, and constrin it so the arc is tangent to the construction datum plane reference line.
Finished arc centered and tangent to the construction datum
You can now enter the radius for the arc, 1.94. Because the section’s edges are defined by the underlying edges, and the arcs center is in line with the centerline, the angle value is all that is necessary to define the dimensions of this section.
Click
in the Sketcher toolbar to accept the section. Enter a depth of 0.13. Check the direction and accept the feature.
Add the Earpiece Cut
Now you’ll make a cut to round the top of the cover for the earpiece. The section for this cut is similar to one you made previously in the back cover.
Click Insert > Extrude. Use the Right datum plane (bisecting the cover) as a sketching plane.
Use a simple arc to define the section as shown in the next figure. If the 0.20 dimension is not automatically added as a weak dimension, use the Add Dimensions tool to insert it.
Dimensions for the earpiece cut section
edge of the existing extrusion. Click the tool, then select the arc and the front of the reference extrusion. When you include an unreferenced line in a constraint, it is added to the list in the References dialog box automatically.
Enter a value of 1.00 for the arc. Accept the sketch.
Click the Remove Material icon to make the extrusion a cut. Make sure the cut direction arrow is pointing away from the solid. Set Side 1 and Side 2 to Through All in the Options panel. Preview the cut and then accept it.
Create the Draft Feature
Now you’ll apply a draft to the side surfaces in the same way that you did to the back cover part.
Select one of the side surfaces of the solid. Click Insert > Draft. The Draft dashboard opens.
With the Draft Hinges collector active, click the back surface of the cover. The draft angle indicator and handles should appear on the model.
Drag the handle out to 10 degrees, or enter 10 in the dashboard value box.
Click Preview to see the finished feature, or accept the feature and return to the work area.
Handles and direction indicator for the draft angle
Apply Round Edges
Select the edges between the face and the upper extrusion and apply rounds. The lower radius is 0.77. The upper radius is 0.25. When these two rounds have been applied, the upper edge of the phone is an unbroken line.
Select any section of the cover edge, hold down Shift and select another section. The entire edge is chosen. Apply a rounded edge of
0.15 from the shortcut menu.
Dimensions for face edge rounds
Shell the Solid
With the rounds complete, you are ready to apply the shell feature. Use the same procedure you applied to the back cover. Enter 0.03 for the shell thickness.
Coverafterthe sheprocess
Create Lens and Earpiece Cuts
In the following set of procedures, you’ll finish the interior of the phone. You’ll create an opening for the lens, and mounting forms with small holes for the microphone and the earpiece. Finally, you’ll create the screw posts to join with the ones in the back cover.
Make the Lens Shelf and Opening Cuts
The first cut is the shelf on which the lens mounts. Its dimensions are the same as the lens itself. When the lens was created in the first exercise, the section was saved as lens.sec. This saved section is used for the cut.
Detailof the lensopening
view. (This isn’t necessary absolutely necessary but it will make following the directions easier.)
Select Insert > Extrude. Select the surface that will take the lens opening cut as the sketching plane. Close the References dialog box.
Select Sketch > Data from the File menu. In the browser, select the lens.sec file. The section is imported, highlighted, and set into the work area. (If you are zoomed in on the part, you may have to zoom out to see the imported section.) The Scale Rotate dialog box opens.
Make sure that the scale is set to 1. Click the Check icon in the dialog box to accept the section. The section is placed with weak dimensions defining the distances from the reference lines.
Select Sketch > Dimension > Normal. Add a dimension of 0.15 between the bottom arc of the lens section, and lower arc of the lifted extrusion ot align the section vertically.
Now select Sketch > Constrain to align the centers of the section and
tool. Click the centerline of the section, and then the centerline of the cell phone cover. The two centerlines are aligned concentrically. Click OK to close the Constraints dialog box. Accept the section.
Click the Remove Material icon. Click the direction arrow so it points into the cover. This cut does not go completely through the face; set the depth to Specified Value, enter a depth of 0.02. Accept the feature.
The sketching plane for the lens cut, and the imported section
Aligning the imported section Imported section in place
Create the Lens Cutout
As you’ve seen before, you can use an existing edge as the basis for the dimensions of another edge. This is the obvious technique for creating the cutout for the lens.
1. Select Insert > Extrude . Select the floor of the lens cut as the sketching plane.
2. Click the Offset From an Edge tool
from the Use Edge flyout menu. In the Type dialog box, click Loop. (Don’t close the dialog box.)
3. Select an edge of the shelf outline. Sketcher defines the loop from all the connected lines of the shelf outline. The direction of offset is shown by a red arrow, and you are prompted for an offset value. Because you want the offset inside the shelf outline, enter a value of -0.03. Close the Type dialog box. The outline for the cutout section is created as an offset.
4. Accept the section. Set the depth as Thru All. Click the remove material icon to create the cut. Make sure the direction arrow points into the cover. Accept the feature.
Offset edges for the lens cut section
R o u n d th e Op ening Co r n er s
Select all four inside corners of the shelf cut, and add rounds of 0.08 to them, as shown in the next figure.
Round the lens housing corners
Note
The lens part has the same rounds, added as separate features to the lens extrusion. There are many methods in Pro/E, beyond the scope of this tutorial, to insure that adjoining parts not only match in size and dimensions, but are also associative. They include creating new parts from within the assembly, or using a skeleton part as a reference for all associated parts.
Crea te t h e Ea r pie ce C u ts
Arranging the earpiece cuts as geometrically aligned holes should be easy by now. You’ll use a section consisting of five holes, one at the center and the other four positioned evenly in a circle around it.
1. Select Insert > Extrude, and select the flat area surrounding the lens cutout as the sketching plane. This way the holes will enter the shell at 90 degrees to the face, not to the plane of the curved surface they go through. When the References dialog box opens, use it to add the topmost line of the cover as a reference line.
Setting up the earpiece cuts
top reference.
and horizontal references meet. Set the circle’s diameter at 0.12.
4. Select the circle and click Construction on the right mouse button shortcut menu to toggle it to a construction line.
Now you'll define the cuts. Select the circle tool again and draw a circle centered on the intersection of the vertical and horizontal axes. Middle-click to exit the circle tool, and set the diameter dimension of the circle to 0.04.
Now click the circle tool again, and draw four more circles where the centerlines intersect the construction line circle. See the next figure. When the R constraint symbol appears, the radii of the new circle is the same as the radius of the center circle.
Sketching the earhole section
7. After the cuts are defined, accept the section. Click the Remove Material icon to create the cut. Set the depth to Thru All. Make sure the direction arrow points into the cover. Accept the feature.
Create the Earpiece Holder and Shelf
The earpiece holder is a thin extrusion. A thin extrusion is hollow, which saves you from having to combine a solid feature and a cut feature to define a cylindrical shape, for example. You give the thin extrusion a wall thickness value when you define the section.
Once again you are placing a feature through a surface that is not level, in this case, the curved upper surface of the cover. The solution is to extrude it down to the floor of the cover from an offset datum plane, as shown in the next figure. The depth setting of Thru to Next will make the collar conform to the surface when the two intersect.
You'll create this datum when you are prompted to select the sketching plane. You could create the datum before you start the feature, but when you create it in the dashboard environment it “belongs” to the feature, and is grouped with the feature in the Model Tree.
Creating the earpiece holder
You have already created a datum like this in the back cover, so use the following guidelines to add the new offset datum plane and create the earpiece holder section.
1. Select Insert > Extrude. When you are prompted for the sketching plane, use Insert > Model Datum > Plane. Offset the datum plane -0.10 from the reference surface.
Selecting offset reference for the new datum plane
Zoom in on the ear hole pattern feature. Close the Reference dialog box.
Use the concentric circle tool
to draw a circle. Select the center ear hole. Drag the new circle outward. It is concentric with the center ear hole. Set the circle diameter to 0.28. This will be the inside diameter. Accept the section.
4. Set up the thin extrusion:
a. Set the depth to Thru to Next Surface.
b.
Make sure the direction arrow points from the datum toward the cover.
c.
Click the Thicken Sketch icon
. Enter a value of 0.03. This is determines the wall thickness.
d. Click the Direction icon
(to the right of the value field) to be sure the sketch dimension is the inside diameter. The icon toggles the thickness to the inside of the section, the outside of the section, or the center of the section. Watch the preview as you toggle, the feature will be at its largest when the section is used as the inside diameter. Accept the feature.
The finished thin extrusion
Add the Shelf Cut and Final Round
The cut for the shelf in the earpiece holder is simply an extruded cut feature that uses the top surface of the holder as the sketching plane. The cut section is a concentric circle within the holder section, centered on the same axis as the holder.
1. Use the concentric circle tool
in the Sketcher toolbar to create the cut with a diameter of 0.32 and a height of 0.05.
2. Create a round at the seam between the holder and the shell with a radius of 0.03.
Sketching the shelf cut
Make the Microphone Cut and Holder
Now, at the lower end of the shell, you'll create features to house the microphone.
First, create the cut for the microphone hole. Select the floor surface of the shell as the sketching plane. Use the lowest edge of the cell phone shell as a reference.
Add a centerline along the Right datum, down the center of the shell. Draw one side of the slot. Use a tangent constraint between the arc and the centerline. Mirror the sketch along the centerline, using the dimensions shown.
Complete the feature: remove material and check the direction. Set the depth to Thru All.
Accept the feature. Finally, place a round (0.02) on the front edge of the slot.
Cut feature section forthe microphone hole
Make the Microphone Housing
This is a rectangular, thin extrusion with a wall thickness of 0.03. It is also extruded down into the shell from an offset datum created on the fly as a sketching plane.
Create the datum plane in the same way as the earpiece holder, but offset it by -0.03 from the thin surface of the shell. After the datum plane is created, use it as a the sketching plane.
Place a vertical centerline along the Right datum. You will need a horizontal reference, so use the References dialog box to add one of the arcs of the cut as a reference. You can then snap a horizontal centerline through the center of the arc.
Use the ectangle tool to create the section. Be sure you see the “ > <“ equidistant constraint symbols showing that the rectangle is bisected by the centerlines. Dimension as shown. Sketching the microphone housing extrusion 4. Accept the section. Click the Thicken Sketch icon. Set the depth to Up to Next Surface. Toggle the extrusion direction until the section shows the extrusion’s outside edge. Set thickness to 0.03. 5. Accept the feature. Add a 0.01 round to the base of the protrusion. Completed microphone housing Add the Screw Posts and Holes Now all that remains is to create the four screw posts. As shown in the next figure, a screw post comprises three features. The first feature is a simple round protrusion extruding down into the shell from a datum plane. Instead of adding a datum plane, we can use the Front datum plane for this feature. Create two of these posts, upper and lower, as one feature, the same way that you did the posts in the back cover. Again, because the protrusion is flush with the edge of the shell, you can use the Front datum plane as the sketching plane. The screwpostfeatures:post, pin,andhole 1. Make the upper and lower posts as one feature on one side of the shell, the same way that you did the posts in the back cover. See the next figure for the section dimensions. Overadimensionsforthe postssection 2. When the two-post feature is complete, you can again use the Front datum plane as the sketching plane for the pin feature. For this section, set the direction so the protrusion extrudes up from the top of the post. Use the Concentric Circle tool to draw the sections concentric with the existing posts. Remember to look for the “R” constraint symbol, showing you that the second pin you draw is the same radius as the first. Set the diameter at 0.125. 3. Set the direction outward, up from the sketching plane. Set the depth at 0.04. Accept the feature. The “pins”extrude above the shell edge Insert Holes Use the Hole tool to insert the coaxial holes in each post. The holes use the pin axis as the first reference and the pin surface as the second reference. They are standard countersunk M2.2X.45 holes with ISO threading. Screw depth is 0.21. Accept the feature and add 0.02 rounds to the juncture between the posts and the shell. Copy and Mirror the Posts When the two posts are finished, select all the features they include, and use the Copy and Mirror procedure to add them to the opposite side of the Right datum plane, as you did for the back cover. Post features ready to mirror Summar y All of the parts needed for the assembly exercises are now finished. Read the Introduction to Assembly in the next chapter and complete the exercises to create a new assembly file. Assembling the Cell Phone In this chapter, you will learn how to place the parts of the cell phone model into an assembly file. Assembly mode lets you assemble parts by locating them in reference to other parts, or to non-part objects like datum planes, datum points, or coordinate systems. You’ll start assembling the cell phone parts by placing a “base component” into an empty assembly file. You will then use placement constraints to add each subsequent part and orient it to the base component. These constraints determine whether surfaces and edges are aligned, mated, or offset, and by what values or limits. After you complete the assembly of the cell phone, you’ll learn some modification techniques to make changes to the model. You’ll see how the changes to your assembly are automatically passed back to the parts. Assembly Constraints Constraints in an assembly are similar to those used in Sketcher in that there must be enough of them to complete the placement of a part in relation to another part in 3D. You must establish references in two directions, define a surface or edge relationship (mate or offset), and enter values for the references. When enough constraints are on a part in an assembly, the part is considered fully constrained. You can add a part to an assembly without it being fully constrained. The part in this case is considered packaged. You can interactively import, place, and constrain parts to build an assembly object by object. You can also use automatically determined placement constraints to speed up the process. The procedures on assembling the cell phone demonstrate both methods. When you start a new assembly, you must first determine which part should be the base component. All of the subsequent components that you assemble reference this component either directly or indirectly. For this reason you should always use a part that you are not likely to remove from the assembly. For this assembly, you’ll use the front cover as the base component. Pro/ENGINEER provides many placement constraints to assemble your parts. You’ll see that the Automatic option selects only the best suited constraint for the particular situation. The Component Placement dialog box provides the following constraints. Constraint Description Mate Position two surfaces or datum planes facing each other. Mate type may be coincident or offset. If you set the offset selection to Orient, the facing surfaces are allowed to have a varying offset. Align Make two surfaces or datum planes facing the same direction, two axes coaxial, or two points coincident. Align may be set to Offset or Coincident. If the Offset is set to Orient, the surfaces are facing the same direction with a constantly varying offset. Insert Insert one revolved surface into another revolved surface, making their respective axes coaxial. Coord Sys Make two datum coordinate systems coincident to each other. Tangent Control the contact of two surfaces at their point of tangency. Pnt On Line Control the contact of an edge, axis, or datum curve with a point. Pnt On Srf Constrain two surfaces to mate so that a datum point on one surface is in contact with the other surface. Edge On Srf Constrain an edge to contact a surface. Angle Fix the rotation of the aligned axes or edges. Place the Base Component The first step in creating an assembly is importing a base component and automatically aligning its part coordinate system with the assembly’s coordinate system. Click File > New. The New dialog box opens.
Select Assembly in the Type field, and enter a name for the assembly. Use the default template.
3. Click OK. The Pro/ENGINEER main window opens and displays the default assembly datum planes, all marked with the prefix ASM_.
4. Click Insert > Component > Assemble on the Main Menu. The Open dialog box opens.
5. Select front_cover.prt. The front cover of the cell phone model appears and the Component Placement dialog box opens.
Component Placement dialog box
6. In the Component Placement dialog box, click
to assemble the front cover in the default constraint position. This command aligns the part coordinate system with the assembly coordinate system. You will see the part’s Front, Right, and Top part datum planes align with their respective assembly datum planes.
7. Click OK. The base component is now fully constrained.
Assemble Components to the Base Component
With the base component in place, you can start adding the other parts to the assembly. When you select a reference from the assembly and a reference from the part being assembled, Pro/ENGINEER automatically selects a constraint type appropriate to the specified pair of references. How the parts are oriented relative to each other is also considered.
Lens Part
In this procedure you’ll see how to add the lens part to the assembly using automatically assigned placement constraints.
Click Insert > Component > Assemble. Select lens.prt in the directory and click Open. The lens appears next to the base component and the Component Placement dialog box opens. The Automatic placement option is selected by default.
Click the Separate Window icon in the Component Placement dialog box. This step magnifies the part in its own window to improve surface selection. All zoom and pan controls work within the separate window.
Select the bottom surface of the lens as the component reference. The Component Placement dialog box shows the lens surface as your component reference selection.
For the assembly reference, select the shelf in the cutout area on which the lens will sit. If an Align constraint is not automatically assigned, click the Type box to change it. The part is only partially constrained.
Zoom in to select the bottom edge surface of the lens as the second component reference and the bottom of the front cover cutout area
First reference set for the lens
where the lens mates as your assembly reference. The Insert constraint is automatically selected. The lens is inserted in the cutout area and the placement status in the Component Placement dialog box shows that the components are fully constrained.
Second reference set for the lens
6. Click Preview to see the component placements with the current constraints, or click OK to accept current settings.
Lens fully constrained to the front cover
Ear p iece P a r t
In this procedure, you will assemble the earpiece to the front cover. The Automatic placement option selects Insert and Mate constraints that were introduced during the lens assembly procedure. This time, you must rotate the cell phone from the default view to select areas inside of the cell phone cover. Use View > View Manager to save a view of the cell phone positioned with the earpiece housing exposed. You can easily return to the same saved view to assemble the microphone to the front cover.
Complete the following steps to assemble the earpiece to the base component:
Click Insert > Component > Assemble. Select earpiece.prt in the directory and then click Open. The earpiece appears with the base component and the Component Placement dialog box opens. The Automatic placement option is selected by default.
Select the front surface of the earpiece. The Component Placement dialog box shows the earpiece surface as the component reference.
Next, rotate the cover to select the shelf of the earpiece housing. The two selected surfaces now face each other. Mate is automatically selected as the constraint. Enter an offset value of 0.
First reference set for the earpiece Shelf
F r ont surf ace
4. For the second reference, select the side surface of the earpiece. Select the inside wall of the earpiece housing to which the earpiece will mate as the assembly reference. The Insert constraint is automatically selected in the dialog box. The earpiece is placed in the housing and the Component Placement dialog box shows that the components are fully constrained.
Second reference set for the earpiece
5. Click Preview to see component placements with current constraints, or click OK to accept current settings.
Earpiece fully constrained to the front cover
Microphone P a r t
Assembling the microphone part requires three reference sets and three constraints.
Using the same procedure as you did with previous parts, bring in the microphone part. The microphone appears with the base component and the Component Placement dialog box opens.
Select the front surface of the microphone for the component reference.
Select the floor surface of the microphone housing on the front cover for the assembly reference. The Mate constraint is automatically selected and makes the two surfaces face each other. The placement
status in the Component Placement dialog box shows that the part is partially constrained.
First reference set for the microphone
Next, select one of the long sides of the microphone.
Select the corresponding microphone housing wall on the front cover for the assembly reference. The Mate constraint is automatically selected in the dialog box. Because the surfaces meet, enter 0 for the offset value. The part is still partially constrained and requires an additional placement constraint.
Second reference set for the microphone
C o rrespon di ng housing wall
Select one of the short sides of the microphone for the next surface to constrain.
Finally, select the corresponding microphone housing wall on the front cover for the assembly reference. The Mate constraint is automatically selected, a prompt appears for an offset value. Because the surfaces meet, enter 0 for the offset value.
Third reference set for the microphone
Cor r esponding housing w a ll S hor t side
Click . The placement status message area on the Component Placement dialog box shows that the microphone is fully constrained.
Click Preview to see component placements with current constraints, or click OK to accept current settings.
Microphone fully constrained, showing three constraint settings
O f f s et direct ion ar ro w
PC Board Part
Assembling the PC board to the base component requires the Mate, Align, and Insert constraints. You’ll mate the front surface of the PC board to the shelf located around the posts on the front cover, align the Right datum planes, and then insert the posts on the front cover into the PC board’s holes to fully constrain the part.
Click Insert > Component > Assemble to import pc_board.prt, as you did with the previous parts.
Select the front of the PC board surface (with the datum curve) for the first component reference.
Select the shelf located around one of the screw posts on the front cover for the assembly reference. The Mate constraint is automatically selected to constrain the two surfaces. The surfaces are now facing each other.
First reference set for the PC board
Next, select the Right datum planes on both the PC board and front cover for the next constraint references. The Align constraint is automatically selected, and the PC board is positioned within the front cell phone cover.
The final constraint requires you to insert one of the screw posts on the front cover into the corresponding PC board hole. However, the posts may be difficult to select because the PC board is positioned over them. Hold down the CTRL and ALT keys, and use your mouse to move the PC board away from the front cover. (Alternately, you could use the commands on the Move tab of the Component Placement dialog box.)
Select the outside cylindrical area of one screw post.
Select the inside of the corresponding hole located on the PC board. The Insert constraint is automatically selected and the PC board is fully constrained.
Third reference set for the PC board
I n side of t h e
O u t s ide cylindr ic al area
corres ponding hole
8. Click Preview to see component placements with current constraints, or click OK to accept current settings.
PC board fully constrained to the front cover
K e ypad P a r t
The keypad is the only part that is not assembled directly to the base component. In this procedure, you’ll see how to hide the front cover so selections on the PC board are easier to make. Next, you’ll assemble the keypad to the board.
When you add a component to an assembly, you may not know where that part fits best, or you might not want to locate it relative to other geometry. You can leave such a component either partially constrained or unconstrained. An unconstrained component is called a packaged component.
In this procedure, you’ll assemble the component, then close the Component Placement dialog box before the component is fully constrained. The keypad will remain packaged while you create a new assembly datum on the fly to use as a constraint reference. You’ll then use the Edit Definition command to fully constrain the part.
Finally, you’ll use the Unhide command to replace the front cover and create a cutout for the keypad buttons.
Assemble the Keypad
Select the front_cover.prt from the Model Tree. Right-click and select Hide from the shortcut menu. The cover is now hidden.
Bring in keypad.prt to assemble to the PC board.
Select the PC board side between the datum curve boundaries for the assembly reference.
Next, select the back surface of the keypad for the component constraint surface. The Mate constraint is automatically selected and the two surfaces are partially constrained.
Next, select the Right datum plane on the PC board.
offset dimension and then click . The keyboard is still partially constrained.
Click OK to package the assembly and close the Component Placement dialog box. The keypad file in the Model Tree contains a symbol indicating that it is a packaged component.
First reference set for the keypad
Create a Datum Plane for the PC Board Part
A reference surface is required when setting up the final constraint.
Right-click pc_board.prt from the Model Tree and then Activate on the shortcut menu.
Select Insert > Model Datum > Plane. Select the top of the datum curve (closest to the lens cutout on the PC board) for the first reference. The first datum plane reference name and Through constraint appears.
Partially constrained keypad
Now, for the second datum plane reference, hold down CTRL and select the top surface of the PC board. The second datum plane reference name and default constraint appears.
Because you want the datum plane perpendicular to the PC board surface, select the second datum plane reference name in the Datum Plane dialog box and click Normal in the drop-down list box, then click OK.
Add the Final Assembly Constraint
In the Model Tree, right-click the assembly to activate it. Right-click keypad.prt and then click Edit Definition from the shortcut menu.
The Component Placement dialog box opens. Click
to add the final constraint.
Select the new datum plane you created on the PC board, then select the top surface of the keypad and then click OK. The Align constraint is automatically selected and the keypad is fully constrained.
First reference set for the keypad
4. Click Preview to see component placements with current constraints, or click OK to accept current settings.
Keypad fully constrained to the PC board
F r ont Co v e r P a r t
Now that the keypad is fully constrained to the PC board, you can unhide the front cover. An interference occurs after you unhide the front cover, because the height of the keyboard’s buttons exceeds the cell phone cover thickness. Although the buttons appear to protrude through the front cover, you must cut out the keypad button holes. Using the assembly to cut the holes lets you modify the front cover using the dimensions of the keypad, without opening either part. The holes will be passed back to the cover part as an assembly feature.
1. Right-click front_cover.prt from the Model Tree and then Unhide from the shortcut menu.
2. Click Edit > Component Operations > Cut Out.
Select the front cover as the part from which to cut out and then click OK.
Select the keypad as the design reference for the cutout and then click OK.
In the Options menu, click the default Reference option and then click Done. The cutout of holes for the keypad buttons is completed.
Move the Keypad to Confirm the Cutouts
Use Edit Definition to move the keypad away from the assembly an confirm that the cutouts have been made.
Right-click keypad.prt in the Model Tree and click Edit Definition from the shortcut menu.
In the Component Placement dialog box, clear the last alignment-coincident constraint. Hold down the CTRL and ALT keys and click on the keypad to slide it away from the assembly.
To replace the keypad, recheck the box and click OK.
Back Cover Part
In this procedure, you’ll assemble the back cover to the front cover. The Align constraint is used for the Front, Right, and Top datum planes for the assembly and the part. Because you must select multiple datum planes in this process, use the Search Tool to easily locate and select them.
Use Insert > Component > Assemble to bring in back_cover.prt to the cell phone assembly. The Component Placement dialog box opens, ready to place an automatic constraint.
Select Edit > Find. The Search Tool dialog box opens.
Select Datum plane in the Look For list, and then click back-cover.prt in the Look In list. Click Find Now. A list of all the datums in the back cover part appears.
For the first reference, select the RIGHT assembly datum from the list, and click the arrows to add it to the Selected items box. Click Close. The datum appears as the component reference in the Component Reference dialog box.
5. Continue to use the Search tool to match the assembly Front and Top datums to their respective part datums. When the part is fully constrained, click Preview. If necessary, use the Change Constraint Orientation button to properly align the parts.
Search Tool dialog box for the assembly and parts
Ant enna P a r t
The final procedure is to insert the antenna in the hole located on the back cover.
Bring in antenna.prt to the cell phone assembly.
Select the bottom surface of the antenna tip as the component reference.
Select the top surface of the antenna brace as the assembly reference. The Mate constraint with an offset is automatically selected.
First reference set for the antenna
4. The antenna requires an additional constraint. Select the datum axis for both the antenna and hole where the antenna is inserted. The antenna is fully constrained to the back cover and the cell phone assembly is complete.
Second reference set for the antenna
Create an Exploded View of the Assembly
An exploded view displays part relationships in an assembly. Exploded views do not affect assembly constraints or final part positioning. When a model is exploded, the parts are separated on a random basis and may need to be rearranged. Use Assembly > Modify > Mod Expld to change the exploded view.
Open the completely assembled cell phone model file.
To explode the assembly, click View > Explode > Explode View. The assembly explodes to default positions.
Modifying the Exploded Component Positions
To move the exploded components to new default positions, complete the following steps:
1. Click View > View Manager. The View Manager dialog box appears.
2. Click the Explode tab, and then Edit and Redefine. On the Menu Manager, click Position. The Explode Position dialog box opens.
The Explode Position dialog box
Note
A surface or a datum plane is used to specify a motion reference when placing components. The View Plane option allows components to move freely within the display area. The Motion References option further restrict component movement.
3. Select Plane Normal on the Motion Reference list.
Select a plane on your cell phone model to use as the motion reference, and then select a component to move on the exploded assembly model.
Use the mouse to move and place the component. Middle-click to cancel the movement operation. Repeat to move other components.
6. Close the View Manager. Click View > Explode/Unexplode to return to the assembled view.
Exploded and unexploded views of the assembly
Modify the Assembly
Now that the model is assembled, you may want to modify some or all of its features. You can make changes from within Assembly mode instead of entering Part mode for each of the components.
This section describes ways to make changes to your design from the assembly level. You can create, delete, suppress, and modify part features from Assembly mode. When you modify a component in Assembly mode, the changes automatically update in Part and Drawing modes.
Redefine Assembly Placement Constraints
Use Edit > Definition to change or add assembly placement constraints. You previously used Edit Definition to add an additional placement constraint to a packaged component. This time you’ll use Edit Definition to modify placement constraints for the antenna to extend it from the cell phone body.
Right-click to select antenna.prt from the Model Tree and select Edit Definition from the shortcut menu.
Enter 2.0 for the Mate offset value. The antenna is extended. Accept the change.
Suppress and Resume Parts
Suppressed parts in an assembly behave just like suppressed features in a part. Parts that are suppressed are temporarily removed from an assembly, but they can be returned to the model with the Resume command.
Features may be suppressed to save time and memory when working with large assemblies, improve regeneration and display time, or to try out different design iterations.
Note
Click the Settings arrow above the Model Tree, click Tree Filters, and then check the Suppressed Objects box to display suppressed items in the Model Tree. Once the parts are displayed, they can be selected and resumed.
Modify Part Dimension Values
You can modify assembly or part dimension values from within the assembly. In this procedure you modify the dimension of the antenna tip.
Right-click antenna.prt on the Model Tree, click Activate from the shortcut menu, and then double-click the antenna tip. The dimension values are displayed on the model.
(0.50). Enter a new value of
1.0Click the dimension value to modifyand then click . The dimension is now changed but the part size remains the same.
3. Click
or Edit > Regenerate. The antenna tip now reflects the changed dimension.
Summary
With the assembly complete, you can make the drawings for manufacturing. Pro/ENGINEER creates dimensioned drawings using the dimensions that have already been entered in the first two phases of designing the cell phone. The dimensions are viewed selectively as needed.
6
Creating Drawings in Pro/ENGINEER
This chapter shows you how to bring the cell phone models and the assembly you’ve created into the Pro/ENGINEER Drawing mode to create a drawing. A mechanical drawing consists of specifically oriented representations of the object being drawn. Each of these representations is called a view. There are several types of views, each drawn and dimensioned to show a certain kind or amount of detail.
In this exercise you’ll see how to add an assembly drawing to a bill of materials using the table function. On subsequent sheets you’ll add a few of the more widely used view types to detail some of the parts. The object of these exercises is not to create a full drawing of all eight parts. Instead you are introduced to the basic workflow of the process of creating drawings.
First, review the information on dimensions and views in the next section, then follow the exercises to create the drawing files.
Understanding Dimensions and Associativity
Applying dimensions to drawing views in Pro/ENGINEER is a different process from that of any other drawing and dimensioning programs you may have used. The difference is the Pro/ENGINEER associativity factor— instead of using the drafting program to add a dimension to a view where you need it, you choose to selectively show a dimension that has already been passed, along with the view, from the 3D model. This dimension is actively linked to the 3D model. As a result, you can directly edit the 3D model through the dimension in the drawing. When shown in the drawing, these dimensions are called driving dimensions, because you can use them to drive the shape of the model through the drawing.
Of course, there will be instances where you need additional dimensions to show the same value for the same object, for example, a view repeated on another drawing sheet. To add these, use the Dimensions commands from the Insert menu. These inserted dimensions are called added or driven dimensions, because their association is only one-way, from the model to the drawing. If dimensions are changed in the model, all edited dimension values and the drawing are updated.You can’t, however, use these driven dimensions to edit the 3D model.
Showing passed dimensions rather than adding them means your drawing will not be overdimensioned and you won’t have conflicting values on different drawing sheets for the same objects. Once driving dimensions are shown, they can be hidden. They are never permanently deleted.
The nature of driving dimensions has consequences that a drafter must bear in mind when making drawings in Pro/ENGINEER:
Only one driving dimension for each model dimension may exist in a drawing. A drawing may have several views of the same object, but only one driving dimension for each feature of the model can be shown. This is to avoid overdimensioning the drawing and to avoid editing a driving dimension on one sheet but not another. You can move a driving dimension from one view to another, for example, from a general view to a detailed view where it is more appropriate. To provide dimensioning for views when driving dimensions are "used up" in other views, you use the added, or driven dimensions.
It is possible to unintentionally edit the model. If a driving dimension is edited, it turns white as a warning that there is a discrepancy between the drawing and the model. When you regenerate the model, the drawing accepts the new dimension. It is possible, using configuration options, to break the link between model and drawing, but this is not the usual Pro/ENGINEER usage.
Drawing view of 3D model with no dimensionsshowing
Other Detail Items
Dimensions are the most important detail items that are passed from the 3D model, but they are not the only items available or necessary to detail a drawing. In the same way you show or hide dimensions, you can show notes, surface symbols, geometric tolerances, datum planes, and axes.
Adding Models vs. Adding Views
Before you can add a view of a model file to a drawing, the model file must be associated with the drawing file. This is called "adding the model" and should not be confused with adding a view. You can associate any number of models with the drawing, but only one model can be actively worked on at a time. The active model is the one ready to have views created for it. The active model name appears in the lower-left corner of the work area.
You add the first model when you create the new file, during the new file setup. You can click Views > Dwg Models > Add Model on the Menu Manager to add more models as you proceed.
If you are working with an assembly, you can use the shortcut menu to add and activate any of the parts from the Model Tree.
Placing General Views and Projection Views
The first view you place will be a type called a general view. You can regard a general view as a parent view because its orientation and scale can be adjusted, and these properties determine the look of any projected views derived from it.
Projections (projected views) are views derived from the general view, which show alternate faces of the general view. Using projections you can quickly dimension every surface of a 3D object without repeating a dimension. Each projection view exists in either a horizontal or vertical projection channel to the right, left, above, or below the general view. Projection views are automatically aligned with the general view within their projection channels. By default, they can only be moved within the channels they occupy.
General view (center)and four projections
Note
Though alignment with the general view is the usual way to show projection views, you are not limited to this method. You can use View Modify > Alignment to unalign a selected projection view and place it anywhere on the drawing sheet. It remains a child of the general view in every other respect.
Creating Detailed Views
A detailed view shows a small area of another view at a larger scale. The process puts a boundary and note around the detailed area on the parent view and creates the new detailed view to a new scale. You can add driven dimensions, or use the shortcut command Switch View to move a driving dimension from the parent view to the detail view.
Detailed view
Scaling Drawings and Views
Pro/ENGINEER automatically determines a scale for a new view based on the sheet size and the size of the model being placed. This scale value appears in the lower-left corner of the screen. To reset the scale, click Edit > Value, then click the scale readout and edit the value in the prompt line. (A value of 1 means the scale is one-to-one with the actual dimensions, a value of 0.25 means the drawing is scaled to one-quarter the actual dimensions.)
Note
If you need to, you can force a global default scale using the
configuration option default_draw_scale.
Only two view types may be scaled independently of the default scale setting: the general view and the detailed view. When you rescale a general view, its projections also rescale. Because a detailed view is an enlargement of a small area, you can scale a detailed view independently of its parent view as well as independently of the default scale.
When you place a general view, you choose Scale or No Scale as part of the view properties setup in the Menu Manager. If the view is placed as No Scale (the default scale) and you later want to change the scale, you must first modify the view type to have the Scale property.
If your drawing references several parts, you can set the default scale independently for each part added to the drawing. In other words, Pro/ENGINEER sets a default scale for each model added to the drawing. The scale readout in the lower-left corner refers to the active model. Any modifications values for scale, relations, and so forth, are applied to the active model.
Using Formats and Templates
Format files contain the collections of lines and text that border a drawing sheet. These serve to divide the sheet into sections and state the company name, design name, and so forth. When you associate a format file with a new drawing file, the format graphics appear on all sheets created in the drawing file. You can also change the format attached to a drawing file after the file has been created and saved.
There is a default format for each standard sheet size, installed in a default format directory. To customize a format, you can save a default format as a new format file, and then add text in the form of notes or graphics, such as a company logo.
Templates are a more advanced concept in Pro/ENGINEER. Templates contain all the format information and instructions on how to lay out views and projections automatically, as well as how to create tables and bills of materials. Templates are a powerful functionality that can save hours of interactive work on drawings that follow a standard flow. You may use templates in the course of creating drawings eventually, but this exercise will explain the more basic drawing functions.
Creating a New Drawing File
The finished drawing will have an exploded view of the assembly on the first page, with a bill of materials and BOM balloons calling out the parts. However, because these are the more complex elements of the drawing, you’ll add them last. First you’ll add a view of the antenna part to the drawing. Later in the tutorial you’ll add the assembly view and the BOM. Start the new drawing file:
Click File > New and select Drawing from the New dialog box. Enter a name for the drawing and clear the Use default template check box. Click OK. The New Drawing dialog box opens.
In the Default Model field, use the Browse button to enter the antenna part file.
In Specify Template, click Empty with Format. Click the Browse button to go to the default system formats directory. (This is usually part of the default installation setup for Pro/ENGINEER).
Select the C size sheet (c.frm) and click Open, and then click OK in the New Drawing dialog box. A new blank sheet opens, with the format outlines.
Add a general view and a projection to the sheet, orient the view, change the view’s properties and show dimensions.
Click Insert > Drawing View > General. You are prompted to select a center point for the drawing view. Click the center-right area of the sheet.
The view is placed and the Drawing View dialog box opens showing all the saved 3D orientations. In the dialog box, under Model View Names, highlight Front from the list. Click Apply.
Under View Orientation, select Angles. Enter 270 for the angle value and click Apply. The view reorients to the horizontal, with the tip pointing to the right. Click OK in the dialog box to close it.
Modify t he vie w
When you placed the view, you accepted the default attributes for the view type. Now modify the view for a custom scale.
Right-click the view and click Properties from the shortcut menu.
Click Scale from the Categories list. Click Custom Scale, then enter a value of 3.5.
Click Apply, and then click Close. The view is drawn to the new scale.
Select the view again and uncheck Lock View Movement in the shortcut menu. Use the mouse to move the view to a new position. When the view is placed, check Lock View Movement. This setting applies to all of the views on the sheet, not only the selected view.
Now you’ll add the projection view to show the shaft and tip outer diameters.
Click Insert > Drawing View > Projection. Click in the space directly to the left of the general view. The projection view is added as shown in the next figure. Hidden mode is off and no datums are showing.
Now make sure that your display is set to No Hidden to show only the outer diameter and shaft diameter of the tip. When you change display properties, click the repaint icon
General view and one projection
to refresh the display.
Add the D e t a il ed Vie w
Now you’ll add the detailed view. This involves a series of prompts that define the elements shown in the following figure.
Elements of a detailed view
1. Click Insert > Drawing Views > Detailed. Click along the outline of the tip in the general view. At the spline prompt, use the mouse to click-draw a circle to enclose the detail to be enlarged. Middle-click when the circle is complete. A circle is added around the tip.
Sketching the outline for the detailed view
Define the note and leader location by clicking anywhere near the circle. The note is added at the selected point (it can be dragged to another position at any time).
Click in the upper middle of the sheet, and the detailed view is added. Drag it in any direction to redefine its position.
Right-click on the detailed view, and then select Properties on the shortcut menu. Choose Scale on the Categories list and enter a value of 9 for the custom scale.
Sho w Dim ensions
There are several ways to show or hide dimensions passed from the 3D model. You can access the commands from the main Show/Erase dialog box or from the shortcut menu when you select either a feature or a model in the Model Tree. In this step you’ll use the Show/Erase dialog box. In subsequent steps you’ll use other methods.
1. To start, click View > Show and Erase. The Show/Erase dialog box opens.
Show / Erase dialog box
The Show / Erase dialog box controls the display (and hiding) of all information objects that can be passed from the 3D model. The Show By field lets you selectively show dimensions feature by feature or view by view, an ability you’ll find useful when drawings get complex. The Options tab is used to filter showing between Erased and Never Shown. You may have erased some dimensions on one view with the intention of showing them in another. The Erased button lets you show only those you erased, rather than all of them, erased and never shown.
To start showing dimensions, click the dimensions icon in the Type field in the upper-left corner.
Click View in the Show By field.
4. Click the detailed view on the sheet. All the passed dimensions are now shown on that view.
In the Show/Erase dialog box, the Preview tab comes forward and you have the option to select certain dimensions to keep or to remove before you close the dialog box. (Remember, these dimensions are never really removed. They are only hidden.) By default the Sel to Remove button is active.
Note
The actual position of the dimensions in your file will vary from
the illustration, but the same dimensions should be showing.
At this point, if the dimensions don’t look as organized on the page as you’d like, don’t worry. First you’ll work on uncluttering the detail view by moving some of the dimensions to more appropriate views. Then, you’ll select and drag the dimensions to their final plotted positions.
Tip detailed view after showing dimensions
The two diameter dimensions could be better shown on the end projection view of the shaft. Hold down the Ctrl key and click them both to select them for removal. When they are selected, middle-click to complete the selection. They are both erased. Now, you’ll show them on the end projection view.
Click the Options tab in the Show / Erase dialog box. Keep the Show By setting on View, and click the Erased checkbox. Zoom out so you can see the whole sheet. Click the projection view. The two dimensions are added to the view. Middle-click to complete.
Returning to the detailed view of the tip, you can see that there is another dimension that would be better on the general view: the
length dimension for the shaft. You can transfer it to the general view without reopening the Show Hide dialog box.
7. Click to select the dimension. Use the shortcut menu to click Move Item to View. Click the general view. The dimension is transferred to the general view. This is a quick way to move shown dimensions from one view to another.
Insert Added Dimensions
Finally, before you clean up the layout of the dimensions, you will add a reference dimension. This dimension will call out a length that is not passed with the 3D antenna: its overall length, the shaft plus the tip. The reference dimension will have the suffix REF to show that it is not a driving dimension.
From the main menu click Insert > Reference Dimension > New References. The cursor changes to a pencil shape.
Click the line representing the end of the tip, and then click the end of the shaft. (You can zoom and pan without losing your selection.) Middle-click to finish. The dimension is added with the .REF suffix.
Clean Up the Dimensions
Now you’re ready to arrange the dimensions as you want to print them. Review the techniques below, and then try to place each dimension on the tip detail view so it matches the finished illustration. This is not an exhaustive review of all the edits you can make to dimensions, but it does cover the basic concepts.
A selected dimension is highlighted and surrounded by drag handles that you use to drag it from one spot to another. You must move the cursor over each handle to see the direction of movement possible:
A four-sided cross cursor means you can drag the dimension in any direction.
A two-way arrow shows that you can drag on one plane.
When you select a dimension and drag it into position, the leader and witness lines follow with it. You will probably have to zoom in to properly pick a drag direction.
Dimension drag handles
Use drag handles to move a selected dimension
Edit Witness Lines and Arrows
You can edit witness lines the same way you edit dimensions: by selecting them and using drag handles located at either end. You can lengthen or shorten dimension lines or skew them away from their default angles. You can also use the shortcut menu to create breaks in them where they must cross other lines or leaders, and to create jogs in the witness lines to widen the dimension area.
To edit arrows, select the dimension and use the shortcut menu commands. You can change the style of the arrowheads or reverse their position on the witness line.
The next figure shows a solution for the tip dimension. Use the right mouse button shortcut commands to make the changes indicated.
One solution for detailing the tip view Finished sheet
Finishing Sheet One
Now you’ll return to the first sheet, and see how to place an exploded view of the cell phone assembly. Follow the guidelines below to create an exploded assembly view on a new sheet, create a bill of materials, and show the BOM balloons.
Create an Exploded Assembly View
Click Insert > Sheet. A new sheet is added, and listed in the lower right corner as 2 of 2. Click Edit > Move Sheet. In the dialog box, select Insert at Beginning and click OK. The new sheet is now Sheet One. Now you’ll add the assembly file to the drawing models.
Click File > Properties. The menu manager opens. Click Drawing Models > Add Model. Use the browser to add the assembly file. The assembly file becomes the active model, and is listed in the readout in the lower-left of the window.
You already know how to place a general view, so use the following guidelines to place a general view in the center right area of the sheet. Accept the default settings with two exceptions:
Choose Explode Components in the View submenu. (This option is available because the current model is an assembly.)
In the Scale category, enter 1. (If your sheet size or default scale are different than shown, adjust the scale to resemble the illustration.)
When the view is placed, use the Saved Views list in the Orientation dialog box to set the view to the explode state orientation you saved in the assembly file. Click OK in the dialog box to place the view.
General view of the exploded assembly
Create a Bill of Materials
In this sequence you’ll see how to add a very basic bill of materials to the drawing. A bill of materials is the most common use of a report table in Pro/ENGINEER. The report table “reads” parameters you enter as text into the cells and automatically adds cells in additional rows to accommodate information returned from the design database.
Setting up a report table can be a complex process, but once defined you can save and reuse report tables on other drawings. This exercise demonstrates as simply as possible how report tables work in Pro/ENGINEER.
Create the Table
A table is a series of cells of a given height and width. You can enter “dumb” text into the cells, for example as a column heading. The first step in creating the BOM is to define the table.
1. Click Table > Insert > Table. You are prompted to locate the upper-left corner of the table.
Click at a point where the upper-left corner would be on the sheet. A scale of numbers appears horizontally from the clicked point.
Click around the number 5 or 6. The width of the first column is defined, and the scale moves to the right.
Click the scale again to define another column width about twice as long. When you have defined this column, click the middle mouse button. The horizontal scale is replaced with a descending horizontal scale. Now you’ll define the number of rows.
You’ll need two rows to start, one for the column headings and one for the parameters. Click twice down the scale to create the two rows and middle-click to complete the cells. The table should look like this.
Note
You can always resize cells after you create them but in this case, as you practice, it may be easier to delete the table and start again.
Enter Text Headings
Now you’ll enter the headings for each column.
1. Double click the upper-left cell. The Note Properties dialog box opens. Use it to type Index in the text area and click OK.
2. In the same way, insert the heading Part Name in the next column. The table should look like this:
You created some table cells, and entered simple text into two of them. To adjust the cell size, select the cell and use the Height and Width dialog box from the right mouse button menu.
Now you will set up the remaining cells to expand with information. To do this, you first designate the empty cells as repeat regions, or cells that will expand automatically to create the finished table. You then “build” the parameters you want to enter by selecting text strings from a hierarchical menu.
Define a Repeat Region
Click Table > Repeat Region. The menu manager opens.
Click Add. You are prompted to select the corners of the region.
Click the lower-left cell, then the lower-right cell. Both cells are highlighted. The message Repeat region successfully created appears on the message line. Click Done on the menu manager.
Now you are ready to enter the parameters for the assembly index number and matching part name.
Add BOM Parameters
Double click the left side cell of the repeat region. Because it is now a repeat region, the Report Symbol menu opens by default. These are the top-level prefixes, denoting the modules for which reports may be generated. This menu lets you assemble a report parameter string by “punching down” through eligible parameters.
Click rpt (report) and when the menu changes, click index. The parameter rpt.index is entered into the cell. You are prompted to pick a cell for the next entry.
Click the lower-right cell. This time, in the Report Sym menu on the Menu Manager, click the series asm.mbr.name. This calls the assembly member name. The parameter is entered into the cell.
4. Click Table > Repeat Region > Update Tables. The table is expanded to show the information called for from the parameters.
Sho w BOM Balloons
BOM balloons are the finishing touch to the first sheet. First you’ll assign an existing repeat region as a BOM balloon region. Then all you need to do is choose to show the balloons, and arrange them as you want them.
Click Table > BOM balloons > Set Region. The menu manager opens. You are prompted to select a region in the table.
Because the table has only one region, you can click anywhere in the table. The region is selected.
Now, under the BOM Balloons menu in the menu manager, click Create Balloon. You are prompted to select the view in which to show BOM balloons.
Click the general view. The BOM balloons are added to the view.
To clean up the BOM balloons layout, you can select and drag each balloon to a new location. You can also click the right mouse button for a selected balloon and use the Mod Attach command to select a new attachment edge on the object.
Exploded view with BOM baoons
Getting Productive
Working with a model or assembly comprised of thousands of separate objects and properties can quickly be overwhelming. Pro/ENGINEER uses several functions and strategies to sort, select, and control the display of database objects. This chapter covers several tools you’ll use on a regular basis: layers, family tables, and configuration options.
Using Layers
Layers let you organize features, datum planes, parts (in an assembly), and even other layers, so you can perform operations on those items collectively. The primary use of layers is showing, hiding (blanking), or suppressing the items on a selected layer. You can also delete and reorder features by layer.
You can create as many layers as you need. You can also associate items with more than one layer. For example, you could associate an axis common to several features with several layers.
The Layers Dialog Box
Use the Layer Tree in the Navigation window to control layers, their associated items, and their display status. Click Show > Layer Tree to open the Layer Tree window. The window shows a tree of all layers, and each item associated with the layers. (You may have to use Settings > Layer Items to show the associated items.)
Use the Layer Tree to:
Create, delete, and rename layers.
Copy all items of one layer to a different layer, using the commands on the right mouse button menus for selected items.
Add items to a layer, remove items from a layer, and switch items from one layer to another.
View and change the display status of layers.
Define global default layers.
Define local (model specific) layers.
Layer Tree in the navigator window
Us ing F a mily T a bles
Family tables are collections of parts (or assemblies or features) that are basically similar, but have slight differences in one or two aspects, such as size or detail features. Family Tables save you time in creating multiple parts that are similar except for one or two variations.
Using the Tools > Family Table dialog box, you can store the generic set of features from an existing part and create new parts based on variations for dimensions that you store in the table. A set of screws of the same shaft diameter but different lengths is a good example. You create the head, shaft and thread features for one screw, and add it as a row on a family table. You then add five copies of the row to the table and change the length dimension cell for each one. Whenever you need to create a screw part of a certain size, you can create the entire part from its row on the family table.
Family table of varying lengths for a threaded post
When a part is used as a basis for a family table, it is known as the generic part or the generic instance. When you open a part that is associated with a family table, you are prompted for the family table member name to open.
Family tables promote the use of standardized components. They let you represent your actual part inventory in Pro/ENGINEER. Moreover, families make it easy to interchange parts and subassemblies in an assembly, because instances from the same family are automatically interchangeable with each other.
Managing the Pro/ENGINEER Environment
You can managing your Pro/ENGINEER environment with configuration files, macros, and mapkeys. These and other techniques help you improve your proficiency and system performance.
Configuration Options
Startup and default settings for most Pro/ENGINEER configurable functions are determined by the content of configuration files. Each setting is called a configuration option. The two most important configuration files are named config.pro and config.win. Config.pro is a text file that stores all of the settings that define the way in which Pro/ENGINEER handles modeling and assembly operations. The config.win file is a binary file that stores UI configuration settings, such as toolbar visibility and Model Tree location settings.
In the text based config.pro file, the setting for each option is determined by a value following the option as a line in the file, for example:
model_grid_spacing 1.500000
or
display_planes yes
There are hundreds of options built into Pro/ENGINEER. To manage or edit them, use the Options dialog box on the Tools menu. The dialog box lets you search for particular options, filter the options shown, and sort the options either alphabetically or by functional group.
Startup Search Sequence
Like any networked or multiuser program, Pro/ENGINEER reads configuration files automatically from several areas depending on how the system is configured. At startup, Pro/ENGINEER first reads in a system configuration file called config.sup, which is a read-only file that a company system administrator uses to set company-wide configuration options. Any values that are set in this file cannot be overridden by other more local config.pro or config.win files.
After loading the .sup file, Pro/ENGINEER searches for and reads in configuration files (config.pro and config.win) from the following directories in the following order:
Pro/ENGINEER installation directory—Your system administrator may have put configuration files in this location to support company standards for windows configuration settings, formats and libraries. Any user starting Pro/ENGINEER from this directory uses the values in this file.
Login directory—The home directory for your login ID. Placing your configuration files here lets you start Pro/ENGINEER from any directory without having copies of the files in each directory.
Startup directory—Your current or working directory when you start Pro/ENGINEER. These are the last to be read; therefore, they override any conflicting configuration file option entries. The config.pro file does not, however, override any config.sup entries. This is where you create and save custom configuration files to apply to specific projects.
Changing Configuration Options
In general, you should make configuration file settings before you start a Pro/ENGINEER session. If you want to change the environment during the session, it is usually more convenient to use the Environment dialog box, which you open by clicking Tools > Environment. Some options, however, can be changed only through the configuration file. In this case, you can load a new configuration file with a different name and different configurations during the session. Use the following procedure to load a different config.pro file.
Click Tools > Options. The Options dialog box opens.
Navigate to and select the configuration file you want to load, using the icons to the right of the Showing box (config.pro is the default). The file name you choose appears in the Showing box.
Click OK or Apply. Pro/ENGINEER is updated according to the new configuration file settings. If there are errors in the new configuration file, error messages appear in the startup window.
Note
Some configuration file changes, such as window size or the deletion of an option, cannot be incorporated during a working session.
Using the Options Dialog Box
Use the Options dialog box to:
Load a different configuration file (the default is config.pro).
Modify values for configuration options in config.pro and other config files.
Display all configuration options or filter only those options that are off-default or loaded locally.
Determine the source configuration file for each configuration option displayed.
Save copies of configuration files with custom settings for current sessions.
The Showing list box displays the last config.pro file read, and the left pane shows the cumulative off-default settings which have been read from any config.pro files found in the search path while Pro/ENGINEER is loading. The value, status, and source are shown for each option. The status is either applied
or conflicting values (crosshatched dot). Conflicting values means that two configuration files have differing values for the same option. In this case the system default setting is used until you reset the value for the current session.
The source is defined as the configuration file and path that the option and value come from. You can use the list to show only the configuration options from each of the sources.
When Current Session is displayed in the Showing box, clear the Show only options loaded from file check box to show all options and values referenced during the current session. When the box is checked, only those options and values loaded from config.pro files are displayed.
Application Effective Icons
The icon to the left of each option indicates whether a change is applied immediately, or on the next startup. The lightning icon
means immediate effect. The wand icon
means the change is applied to the next object created. The screen icon
means the change is applied in the next session.
Editing Options and Values
When you make edits to options or values, the edits are saved to the file currently displayed in the Showing menu when you click Apply. If Current Session is displayed, the changes are saved to a file named current_session.pro, which is automatically created in the current working directory.
To edit a value, select it in the list window. The option appears in the Option text field. The value appears in the Value field. If the value is fixed, for example Yes or No, use the list box to select the choices for the option. If the value requires an integer, type it in.
To reset a value to the system default, select the value and click Delete. When the option and value are deleted, the system returns to referencing the default values.
Navigating the Options
Use the Sort box to sort the options alphabetically or by category.
Use the Find button to open the Find Option dialog box and search for options using a text string and wildcard characters. For example, if you type ecad in the Type keyword field, the dialog box lists all options using ecad in their strings. You can also use keywords and wildcard characters to search the descriptions. You can change values for the selected configuration options from within the Find Option dialog box.
Note
You must still click Apply in the Options dialog box to save changes to the session.
Searching for a Configuration Option
You can use the Find Option dialog box to search for configuration options by typing a keyword and wildcard characters.
• If you type the word size with no wildcard character, the search returns all of the configuration options that contain the word size. This is the most convenient way to find all options that contain a certain word.
• If you type a letter and an asterisk (*), the system lists all of the configuration options that begin with the letter.
Macros and Mapkeys
A mapkey is a macro you create to record frequently used command sequences to keyboard keys. You can create mapkeys for any task you perform frequently within Pro/ENGINEER. You can also add mapkeys as icons to a toolbar or menu bar. If you are a newer user, you can borrow mapkeys from coworkers without having to remember cryptic abbreviations.
To create a mapkey, click Tools > Mapkeys. In the Mapkeys dialog box, click New and record your mapkey in the Record Mapkey dialog box. The system records your mapkey as you step through the sequence of keystrokes or command executions to define it. After you define the mapkey, Pro/ENGINEER creates a corresponding icon and places it in the Customize dialog box under the Mapkeys category. To open the Customize dialog box, click Tools > Customize Screen. On the Toolbars tabbed page, select the Mapkeys category. You can then drag the visible mapkey icon onto the Pro/ENGINEER main toolbar. You can also create a label for the new mapkey. If you choose to add the newly created mapkey icon to the toolbar, the label appears on the button added to the toolbar. When you put the cursor over the button, the description appears next to the mouse pointer and in the message area.
You can also nest one mapkey within another, so that one mapkey initiates another. To do so, you include the mapkey name in the sequence of commands of the mapkey that you are defining.
To Define a Mapkey Using the Mapkeys Dialog Box
Click Tools > Mapkeys from the menu bar or click the appropriate icon on the toolbar (use Customize Screen on the Tools menu to place buttons on the toolbar). The Mapkeys dialog box opens.
Click New. The Record Mapkey dialog box opens.
Type the key sequence that is to be used to execute the mapkey in the Key Sequence box.
Note
To use a function key, precede its name with a dollar sign ($). For example, to map to F3, type $F3.
(Optional) Type the name and description of the mapkey in the appropriate text boxes.
On the Pro/ENGINEER tab, specify how the system will handle the prompts when running the mapkey by selecting one of the following commands:
–
Record keyboard input—(default) Record the keyboard input when defining the mapkey, and use it when running the macro.
–
Accept system defaults—Accept the system defaults when running the macro.
–
Pause for keyboard input—Pause for keyboard input when running the macro.
Note
If you create a new mapkey that contains actions that open and make selections from dialog boxes, then when you run the mapkey, it does not pause for user input when it opens the dialog box. To set the mapkey to pause for user input when opening dialog boxes, you must select Pause.
Click Record and start recording the macro by selecting menu commands in the appropriate order.
If desired, click Pause to indicate where to pause while running the mapkey. Type the prompt in the Resume Prompt dialog box. Then click Resume and continue recording the mapkey. When you run the macro, the system pauses, displays the prompt you typed, and gives you the options to Resume or Cancel.
Click Close when you are finished recording the macro.
Improving System Performance
By now, you should have a basic familiarity with Pro/ENGINEER. You know how to create parts and assemble them using constraints for placement. As you become more experienced with Pro/ENGINEER and you create larger and more complex assemblies, some techniques related to system use will prove helpful.
As you add parts to an assembly, the system has more to do and general performance suffers. Frequently the problem is that you’re displaying all of the model’s graphical geography even though you are only working on a small portion of the entire assembly. In Assembly mode, system speed is apparent when you regenerate a model, place a component that contains a large number of features, or simply change your model’s view. Slow system speed is especially evident when creating large and complex assemblies.
The solution to improve system speed and visual clarity is all within Pro/ENGINEER. You can use a number of techniques:
Use layers to blank unnecessary components.
Create simplified representations to remove excess geometry.
Suppress features or components.
Use envelopes or shrinkwraps to simplify complicated or many parts.
All of these techniques improve visual clarity and allow you to control which components of an assembly the system retrieves and displays. Additional information about layers and suppressing can be found in this guide. Refer to the Pro/ENGINEER online help topics for information about other advanced Pro/ENGINEER performance tools.
Getting Support
This chapter provides information about all the sources you can count on for support in working with Pro/ENGINEER. The three main areas of support are:
Pro/ENGINEER Help Center
Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0 Resource Center
Technical Support
PTC Training Services
PTC User Community
As you become more familiar with these sources, you’ll find that they overlap in areas of expertise. A PTC online account is required to access PTC documentation from the Web. Register for a PTC online account at http://access.adobe.com/access/getStatus.do?jobid=93e66208-4e1a-4ec2-a29c-289cc88287ee&srcPdfUrl=http://www.ptc.com/company/mail/express200305/getting_started.pdf&convertTo=html&visuallyImpaired=preferhtml&preferHTMLReason=TO%20MAKE%20IT%20WEB%20READY&platform=Windows&comments=&starttime=1216231165109#http://www.ptc.com/appserver/common/account/basic.jsp .
Note
The Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to read PDF files. See
http://access.adobe.com/access/getStatus.do?jobid=93e66208-4e1a-4ec2-a29c-289cc88287ee&srcPdfUrl=http://www.ptc.com/company/mail/express200305/getting_started.pdf&convertTo=html&visuallyImpaired=preferhtml&preferHTMLReason=TO%20MAKE%20IT%20WEB%20READY&platform=Windows&comments=&starttime=1216231165109#http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/custsupport/download.html to
download a free Acrobat Reader.
Pro/ENGINEER Help Center
You can access Pro/ENGINEER context-sensitive Help and books in PDF format by clicking Help > Help Center in Pro/ENGINEER or through context sensitivity. In the Help Center, see Using the Help Center for more information.
Pro/ENGINEER Resource Center
Web-based usability tools can help when learning Pro/ENGINEER. Access the Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0 Resource Center from the Pro/ENGINEER browser, through the Pro/ENGINEER Help Center , or at http://access.adobe.com/access/getStatus.do?jobid=93e66208-4e1a-4ec2-a29c-289cc88287ee&srcPdfUrl=http://www.ptc.com/company/mail/express200305/getting_started.pdf&convertTo=html&visuallyImpaired=preferhtml&preferHTMLReason=TO%20MAKE%20IT%20WEB%20READY&platform=Windows&comments=&starttime=1216231165109#http://www.ptc.com/community/proewf2/newtools/index.htminclude the following:
Web Tools and Tutorials—Step-by-step instructions and other helpful topics. Navigate to the tutorials from the Resource Center or go directly to http://access.adobe.com/access/getStatus.do?jobid=93e66208-4e1a-4ec2-a29c-289cc88287ee&srcPdfUrl=http://www.ptc.com/company/mail/express200305/getting_started.pdf&convertTo=html&visuallyImpaired=preferhtml&preferHTMLReason=TO%20MAKE%20IT%20WEB%20READY&platform=Windows&comments=&starttime=1216231165109#http://www.ptc.com/go/wildfire/get/index.htm and click Online Tutorials.
Quick Reference Card—Handy reference for toolbars, selection techniques, dynamic viewing, and more.
Productivity Tools–An interactive guide to new tools to increase your productivity. Included are the selection tools, enhancements to viewing tools (Spin, Pan, and Zoom), and the Model Tree.
Menu Mapper—A cross-reference of menu commands from Pro/ENGINEER 2001 and Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire to latest menu commands.
PTC Technical Support
Technical support for Pro/ENGINEER is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can contact them by phone, fax, e-mail, or FTP.
You can easily access the most current technical support contact information from within Pro/ENGINEER by clicking the Support link on the Pro/E browser landing page.
PTC Training Services
PTC Training Services offers a multitude of solutions that embrace the Precision Learning methodology. Precision Learning is a continuous cycle of Learn-Assess-Improve focused toward providing the right training to the right people and doing this at the right time using the right method.
Learning activities, whether taught by an industry-experienced PTC certified instructor or a PTC Web course, embrace a “tell me, show me, let me do” philosophy to maximize understanding and retention. Visit http://access.adobe.com/access/getStatus.do?jobid=93e66208-4e1a-4ec2-a29c-289cc88287ee&srcPdfUrl=http://www.ptc.com/company/mail/express200305/getting_started.pdf&convertTo=html&visuallyImpaired=preferhtml&preferHTMLReason=TO%20MAKE%20IT%20WEB%20READY&platform=Windows&comments=&starttime=1216231165109#www.ptc.com for a wide range of instructor-led and Web courses offered by PTC Training Services (click on Training & Services > Training Services).
PTC Training Services prides itself in the flexibility of its solutions. The flexibility in delivery of PTC instructor-led courses includes:
Course Customization—Courses are tailored to the individual needs of your company, eliminating any topics that are not relevant to your company’s situation.
On-site Training—PTC sends the instructor to you and provides training machines through our responsive traveling laptop centers.
Assessing the impact of training is key to planning the most efficient training, and to measuring the return on your training investment. Pro/FICIENCY Evaluator lets you gain an accurate and impartial evaluation of your personal, department, and company skills.
Pro/FICIENCY Evaluator reveals any areas where skill improvement would prove beneficial to your design team. Improvement activities include Web lessons, (short, tactical how-to topics provided on the PTC customer support Web pages,) books, mentoring, and so forth.
Pro/ENGINEER User Community
Pro/USER provides education and communication for users of PTC software. They offer ad-hoc yearly seminars at the Pro/USER International Conference. Visit http://access.adobe.com/access/getStatus.do?jobid=93e66208-4e1a-4ec2-a29c-289cc88287ee&srcPdfUrl=http://www.ptc.com/company/mail/express200305/getting_started.pdf&convertTo=html&visuallyImpaired=preferhtml&preferHTMLReason=TO%20MAKE%20IT%20WEB%20READY&platform=Windows&comments=&starttime=1216231165109#www.prouser.org for a list of training seminars.
Glossary
assembly A structured combination of parts and possibly other assemblies (subassemblies).
associative relationship The relationship between objects that reference each other. When changes are made to the design in one area of the product, all of the areas are updated to reflect that change.
base component The component in an assembly that is referenced by all of the subsequent components, either directly or indirectly.
child An object, such as a part or a feature, that is dependent on another object for its existence. See also parent.
collector An interface tool for collecting single or multiple references when defining geometry.
config.pro file See configuration file.
configuration file A text file that contains default settings for many Pro/ENGINEER functions. Default environment, units, files, directories, and so on, are set when Pro/ENGINEER reads this file on startup. A configuration file can reside in the startup directory to set the values for your working session only, or it can reside in the load directory to set values for all users running that version of Pro/ENGINEER. Use the Utilities > Options dialog box to view and edit configuration options.
constraint A limitation that states that one object has a definite geometric relationship to another.
dashboard The interface environment used when defining or editing geometric features. Each feature type employs a specific dashboard.
datum A point of reference in space that Pro/ENGINEER uses to calculate distances. A datum can be an actual point, a plane, or a curve, but it has no actual thickness.
design intent An overview of component interaction toward a common purpose.
detailed view A drafting view that shows a small area of another view at a larger scale. This process places a box and a note around the detailed area on the parent view and creates the new detailed view to a new scale.
drawing file A 2D mechanical drawing derived from a 3D model that enables measurements to be interpreted.
driven dimension Dimensions in a drawing file derived from the 3D model. Driven dimensions reflect changes to part or assembly geometry, but you cannot modify their values from the drawing. The association is one way: from the model to the drawing. See also driving dimension.
driving dimension Dimensions that when modified in the drawing are also modified in the 3D model from which they originated.
fully constrained In an assembly, a part with costraints defined to another part on more than one side.
feature An element of a designed object such as a hole, protrusion, or round.
"in session" file A file that is in memory, but may or may not be visible in a window. For example, when you open an assembly, all associated part files are in session, although they may not all be visible as separate, open files.
Menu Manager The floating menu bar that expands as necessary to provide prompts through options, as objects are created or modified.
mode A Pro/ENGINEER environment in which closely related functions are performed, for example Part mode and Assembly mode.
Model Tree A list of every feature in a part or assembly file, including datums.
packaged component Components that are partially constrained or not constrained to other parts in an assembly.
parametric relationship The relationship between objects that are interdependent for dimensions or shapes.
parent An item in a model that has other items (children) dependent upon it for dimensions or shapes. If a parent is deleted, all dependent items (children) are deleted as well. See also child.
part A component consisting of features that can be separated from or attached to an assembly.
partially constrained In an assembly, a part with costraints to another part on only one side, or a part that is placed but unconstrained. Also called a packaged component.
projection view A drawing view derived from one side of a solid.
relations Associativity between dimensions that is retained as the dimensions change.
section A 2D outline in Sketcher mode of a 3D entity. The entity may be a solid, or it may be an area where material has been removed, like a cut or a channel.
shell A feature that hollows out a solid to a given wall thickness.
shortcut menu A menu that appears when you select an item or screen with the right mouse button. The shortcut menu contains commands pertaining to the item or screen that was selected.
Sketcher A 2D drawing mode within Part mode used to draft dimensioned lines and arcs to create solid parts.
strong dimension In Sketcher, a dimension to which you have given a value. See weak dimension.
top-down design A method of designing a product by specifying top-level design criteria and passing those criteria down from the top level of the product’s structure to all of the affected parts.
view The position of a part or assembly in the main window.
weak dimension In Sketcher, a dimension that Pro/Engineer adds to an angle or a line automatically. The weak dimension is an approximation, shown in grayed lines. You convert the weak dimensions to strong dimensions by entering the accurate values.
witness line A line that indicates the start and end of a dimension.
working directory The default directory in which files are opened and saved.
A
arcs creating in Sketcher 14 arrows editing in a drawing 6-12
assembly antenna part 5-16 back cover part 5-15 base component
determining 5-1 Component Placement dialog box 5-3 cut out function 5-15 earpiece part 5-5 exploded views 5-18 front cover part 5-14 keypad part 5-11 lens part 5-4 microphone part 5-7 modifying 5-19 modifying part dimensions from 5-20 overview 5-1 packaged components 5-1, 5-11 PC board part 5-10
placement constraints list of 5-2 overview 5-1
placing components in 5-3 starting a new 5-2
B
back cover part 55 backup files 2-4
Index
BOM creating 6-13 , 6-14
BOM balloons modifying 6-17 showing in a drawing 6-17
C
centerlines in Sketcher 13 using in Sketcher 13
Chain selection 63 configuration options 7-3 overview 7-4 constraint symbols appearance of 3-5
constraints in assembly 5-1 overview 3-5 placing in Sketcher 3-5 redefining assembly constraints 5-19 toggling between in Sketcher 41
construction lines toggling lines to construction lines 29 coordinate systems
overview 3-2 copy commands for features 66, 67 cut extrusion feature
creating 56
D
dashboard overview of 2-7 sets 71
datum points 3-2
datums datum points 3-2 displaying or hiding 2-9 offset datum plane, creating 61 overview 3-1 sketched datum curves 32
procedure 36 diameter dimension adding in sketcher 40 dimensions adding in Sketcher 3-4 dimension IDs 51
in drawings driving vs. driven dimensions 6-2 moving 6-11 Show/Erase dialog box 6-9 showing and erasing 6-2
modifying in Sketcher 16 showing dimension IDs 51 display options
line or wireframe 2-8 draft feature 58 drawing mode exercises 6-1 drawings
adding a detailed view 6-8 adding driven dimensions 6-11 adding views 6-4, 6-7 and associativity 6-2 bill of materials, adding 6-14 creating tables in 6-14 detailed views 6-4 driving vs. driven dimensions 6-2 formats and templates 6-6 projected views 6-4 scaling views 6-5 setting the active model 6-3 showing dimensions 6-9 view types 6-4 witness lines, editing 6-12
driving vs. driven dimensions 6-2
E
earpiece part 20 edge chain, selecting with 60 exploded views
in drawing 6-13
extrusion procedure for creating 12 extrusions from sections 3-6
F
family tables 7-2
features cut 56 draft 58 ordering 2-10 patterns 23 redefining 3-7 rounds 18 shell 60 thin protrusion 81
files and the working directory 2-3 backing up 2-4 deleting permanently 2-5 difference between erasing and
deleting 2-3 difference between open and ’in
session’ 2-2 file iterations 2-4 opening and saving 2-3 previewing 2-3
front cover part 69
H
holes countersink and counterbore 65 procedures 21, 65 radial pattern for 23 setting depth for 34 using the hole dashboard 21
L
layers
overview 7-1 lens part procedure 12 loop selection method 27
M
macros 7-7
mapkeys 7-7 microphone part 25 mirror command
in sketcher 15 Model tree 2-1 ordering features in 2-10 moving drawing views 6-7
O
offset datums, creating 61 ordering features 2-10
P
packaged components 5-1, 5-11
parts creating sections for 3-7 defining features for 3-3 design tools overview 3-1 redefining features of 3-7
patterns applying to a feature 46 in two directions 46 overview 23 radial 23
PC board part 32 Pick from List function 2-10 Pro/ENGINEER
Help and books 8-1 productivity tools for users 8-2 Quick Reference Card 8-2 Resource Center 8-2 Web tools and tutorials 8-2
procedures adding color to a part 19 assembly 5-1
assembling to the base component 5-4 starting a new 5-2 back cover 55 copy and mirror in 3D 35 cuts, inserting 26 datum curves 36 dimensions, modifying in Sketcher 15 drawing 6-1 earpiece 20 extrusions 12 front cover 69 lens 12
microphone 25 mirroring geometry in Sketcher 15 patterns
radial 23 PC board 32 revolved cuts 41 revolved protrusions 38 rounding edges 18 select by loop 27 Sketcher points, inserting 29 using construction lines in Sketcher 29
R
relations
using to drive dimensions 51 repeat regions in tables 6-16 revolved cut 41 round feature
creating 18 rounding edges 18
S
scaling drawing views 6-7
sections applying constraints in 3-5 creating in Sketcher 3-4 extruding to 3D 3-6 saving 16
selecting Pick from List 2-10, 49 using edge chain 60
shell feature 60
Sketcher adding dimensions in 3-4 basic setup sequence 3-7 centerlines in 13 constraints
toggling between 41 construction lines 29 defining references in 3-4 geometric constraints in 3-5 mirroring 30 Modify Dimensions dialog box 15 overview 3-3 section, saving to a file 16 Sketcher points 29 the sketching plane 3-4
tools, overview 3-4 Trim command 73 Undo command 14 , 15 Use Edge command 72 weak dimensions 39
toggle to strong 42 Sketcher points 29 spin modes 2-6 startup search sequence 7-4 strong and weak dimensions difference between 3-3 supressed featues showing in the model tree 2-10 supressing design items in parts 2-10
T
tables creating in drawing 6-14 entering text in 6-15 parameters, adding 6-16 repeat regions, defining 6-16
thin protrusion 81 Trim command in Sketcher 73 tutorials 8-2
U
Undo 14 , 15 Use Edge command in Sketcher 72
View mode 2-7 viewport customizing the screen 2-1
viewport controls recentering the view 2-6 spin modes 2-6 spin, pan and zoom 2-5 view mode 2-7
views (in 3D) saved views 2-7 standard views 2-7
views (in drawing) detailed view 6-4 general view 6-4 moving views 6-7
placing a detailed view 6-8 placing views 6-7 projected view 6-4 scaling views 6-5, 6-7 showing dimensions in 6-9
W
weak and strong dimensions difference between 3-3 windows the active window 2-2 witness lines editing 6-12 working directory 2-3
Z
zoom viewport controls 2-5
Thursday, July 17, 2008
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